Multi-country evidence that crop diversification promotes ecological intensification of agriculture
Multi-country evidence that crop diversification promotes ecological intensification of agriculture
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DOI：
10.1038/nplants.2016.14
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发表时间：
2016-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
18
通讯作者：
Heong, Kong Luen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gurr, Geoff M.;Lu, Zhongxian;Heong, Kong Luen
全球粮食安全需要提高作物生产力以满足不断增长的需求（1-3）。目前的粮食生产系统严重依赖威胁环境和人类福祉的合成投入物（2,4,5）。例如，生物多样性是提供有害生物防治等生态系统服务的关键（6,7），但在传统农业系统中受到侵蚀。然而，生物多样性的保护和恢复是具有挑战性的（5,8,9），目前尚不清楚促进生物多样性能否在不影响区域范围内产量的情况下减少对投入的依赖。在这里，我们介绍了在泰国、中国和越南进行的为期四年的多地点实地研究的结果，在这些研究中，我们在稻田周围种植了产花蜜的植物，并监测了害虫侵扰、杀虫剂使用和产量的水平。综合所有站点的数据，我们报告说，这种廉价的干预措施显著减少了两种主要害虫的种群，减少了70%的杀虫剂用量，增加了5%的粮食产量，带来了7.5%的经济优势。另外的实地研究表明，在产蜜植物存在的情况下，主要水稻害虫的捕食者和寄生性昆虫以及营养动物更为丰富。我们的结论是，一个简单的多样化方法，在这种情况下，花蜜植物的生长，可以促进农业系统的生态集约化。
Global food security requires increased crop productivity to meet escalating demand(1-3). Current food production systems are heavily dependent on synthetic inputs that threaten the environment and human well-being(2,4,5). Biodiversity, for instance, is key to the provision of ecosystem services such as pest control(6,7), but is eroded in conventional agricultural systems. Yet the conservation and reinstatement of biodiversity is challenging(5,8,9), and it remains unclear whether the promotion of biodiversity can reduce reliance on inputs without penalizing yields on a regional scale. Here we present results from multi-site field studies replicated in Thailand, China and Vietnam over a period of four years, in which we grew nectar-producing plants around rice fields, and monitored levels of pest infestation, insecticide use and yields. Compiling the data from all sites, we report that this inexpensive intervention significantly reduced populations of two key pests, reduced insecticide applications by 70%, increased grain yields by 5% and delivered an economic advantage of 7.5%. Additional field studies showed that predators and parasitoids of the main rice pests, together with detritivores, were more abundant in the presence of nectar-producing plants. We conclude that a simple diversification approach, in this case the growth of nectar-producing plants, can contribute to the ecological intensification of agricultural systems.