Parasites, parasitoids, and hive products that are potentially deleterious to wild and commercially raised bumble bees (Bombus spp.) in North America
Parasites, parasitoids, and hive products that are potentially deleterious to wild and commercially raised bumble bees (Bombus spp.) in North America
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DOI：
10.26786/1920-7603(2023)710
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发表时间：
2023-02
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
E. Evans;J. Strange;B. Sadd;A. Tripodi;L. Figueroa;L. Adams;S. Colla;Michelle A. Duennes;David Lehmann;H. Moylett;Leif L. Richardson;James W. Smith;Tamara A. Smith;Edward Spevak;D. Inouye
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文献类型：
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作者：
E. Evans;J. Strange;B. Sadd;A. Tripodi;L. Figueroa;L. Adams;S. Colla;Michelle A. Duennes;David Lehmann;H. Moylett;Leif L. Richardson;James W. Smith;Tamara A. Smith;Edward Spevak;D. Inouye
熊蜂是多种野生和栽培植物的重要授粉者，在世界许多地方，某些物种已被发现正在下降，局部灭绝，甚至全球灭绝。大量的共生体生活在这些社会性的蜜蜂上、里面或与它们一起生活。我们给出了一个概述，什么是已知的大黄蜂外共生体和寄生蜂。我们提供信息的风险评估所造成的选择熊蜂共生体和方法，他们的检测，定量和控制。此外，我们还评估了商业熊蜂生产中使用的蜂巢产品，如花粉和蜡，并强调了关键风险和知识差距。了解这些对本地传粉者的潜在威胁很重要，需要在国家和国际熊蜂商业贸易的背景下对其进行管理，以防止可能威胁本地蜜蜂的害虫传入和病原体溢出。
Bumble bees are important pollinators for a great diversity of wild and cultivated plants, and in many parts of the world certain species have been found to be in decline, gone locally extinct, or even globally extinct. A large number of symbionts live on, in, or with these social bees. We give an overview of what is known about bumble bee ecto-symbionts and parasitoids. We provide information on assessment of risks posed by select bumble bee symbionts and methods for their detection, quantification, and control. In addition, we assess honey bee hive products such as pollen and wax that are used in commercial bumble bee production, and highlight key risks and knowledge gaps. Knowledge of these potential threats to native pollinators is important and they need to be managed in the context of national and international commercial trade in bumble bees to prevent pest introduction and pathogen spillover that can threaten native bees.