Selective-logging and oil palm: multitaxon impacts, biodiversity indicators, and trade-offs for conservation planning
Selective-logging and oil palm: multitaxon impacts, biodiversity indicators, and trade-offs for conservation planning
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选择性采伐和油棕：多类群影响、生物多样性指标和保护规划的权衡
DOI：
10.1890/14-0010.1
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发表时间：
2014-12-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Yu, Douglas W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Edwards, David P.;Magrach, Ainhoa;Yu, Douglas W.
全球对热带木材和农产品的强劲需求推动了大规模采伐和随后的热带森林转换。鉴于大多数热带景观已经或可能被砍伐，因此，保护热带森林内的生物多样性取决于物种是否能够在这些经济开发的土地上持续存在，如果物种不能持续存在，我们是否能够保护足够的原始森林不被砍伐和转换。然而，我们对伐木和转换对生物多样性的影响的了解仅限于少数几个分类群，通常在具有复杂土地使用历史的不同地点取样，阻碍了规划具有成本效益的保护战略和得出跨分类群结论的努力。跨越原始森林、一次和两次砍伐森林以及油棕榈种植园的土地利用梯度，我们使用传统采样和DNA元生物编码在马来西亚婆罗洲沙巴州汇编了9个脊椎动物和无脊椎动物分类群的广泛数据集，以量化伐木和油棕榈林的生物影响，开发成本效益高的方法来保护生物多样性，并检查分类群之间是否存在响应的一致性。伐木林保留了较高的物种丰富度，平均有70%的物种存在于原始林中。相比之下，油棕榈树的转变大大降低了物种丰富度，原始森林物种明显少于伐木森林样带上发现的7个分类群。利用系统的保护规划分析，我们表明，通过包括很大比例的伐木林地的土地组合，可以有效地保护原始森林物种。因此，保护被砍伐的森林是保护生态和分类多样性物种范围的一种成本效益高的方法，特别是在保护预算有限的情况下。事实证明，6个指示类群(鸟类、落叶蚂蚁、甲虫、空中膜翅目昆虫、苍蝇和真正的昆虫)是其他分类群对伐木和油棕榈树反应的良好预测因子。我们的结果自信地确立了伐木森林的高保护价值和油棕榈树的低价值。对干扰反应的交叉分类群一致性也表明，在伐木和油棕榈研究中，侧重于关键指标分类群的做法产生了关于一般生物多样性的重要信息。
Strong global demand for tropical timber and agricultural products has driven large-scale logging and subsequent conversion of tropical forests. Given that the majority of tropical landscapes have been or will likely be logged, the protection of biodiversity within tropical forests thus depends on whether species can persist in these economically exploited lands, and if species cannot persist, whether we can protect enough primary forest from logging and conversion. However, our knowledge of the impact of logging and conversion on biodiversity is limited to a few taxa, often sampled in different locations with complex land-use histories, hampering attempts to plan cost-effective conservation strategies and to draw conclusions across taxa. Spanning a land-use gradient of primary forest, once- and twice-logged forests, and oil palm plantations, we used traditional sampling and DNA metabarcoding to compile an extensive data set in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo for nine vertebrate and invertebrate taxa to quantify the biological impacts of logging and oil palm, develop cost-effective methods of protecting biodiversity, and examine whether there is congruence in response among taxa. Logged forests retained high species richness, including, on average, 70% of species found in primary forest. In contrast, conversion to oil palm dramatically reduces species richness, with significantly fewer primary-forest species than found on logged forest transects for seven taxa. Using a systematic conservation planning analysis, we show that efficient protection of primary-forest species is achieved with land portfolios that include a large proportion of logged-forest plots. Protecting logged forests is thus a cost-effective method of protecting an ecologically and taxonomically diverse range of species, particularly when conservation budgets are limited. Six indicator groups (birds, leaf-litter ants, beetles, aerial hymenopterans, flies, and true bugs) proved to be consistently good predictors of the response of the other taxa to logging and oil palm. Our results confidently establish the high conservation value of logged forests and the low value of oil palm. Cross-taxon congruence in responses to disturbance also suggests that the practice of focusing on key indicator taxa yields important information of general biodiversity in studies of logging and oil palm.