Resource and Environmental Management
Resource and Environmental Management
复制标题
资源与环境管理
DOI：
10.2307/3060386
复制
发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
B. Mitchell
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Larcombe;B. Mitchell
变化复杂性不确定性，冲突，模糊性。顽固。邪恶的问题。道德，诚信。所有这些术语都涵盖了资源和环境管理者在确定与社会生态系统相关的最适当行动方案时必须解决的大部分问题。通常，没有明显正确的策略或反应是可识别的。相反，存在各种选择，每种选择都有长处和短处。最终必须作出一项决定，反映科学和经验的理解以及社会和利益攸关方的价值观和优先事项。本书的目的是提高人们对认识资源和环境管理的这些属性的必要性的认识，并提供概念，方法和方法来帮助制定解决方案。首先，强调了制定愿景的重要性。在界定问题和机遇的范围时，有人认为，整体或生态系统办法应被解释为一种综合办法，而不是一种全面办法，其重点是对生态系统的运作有重大影响并可加以管理的一小部分变量和关系。还大力鼓励采取适应性管理办法，以吸取经验教训。部分学习将通过利益攸关方的参与产生。可能会出现争议，需要解决。最后，政策和计划的执行可能会遇到许多障碍，强调需要认识到并克服这些障碍，然后监测和评估产出和成果，以适应不断变化的情况。
Change. Complexity. Uncertainty, Conflict, Ambiguity. Intractability. Wicked problems. Ethics, Integrity. All these terms capture much of what resource and environmental managers must address in determining the most appropriate course of action relative to social-ecological systems. Often, no obviously correct strategy or response is identifiable. Instead, options exist, each with strengths and weaknesses. Ultimately a decision must be taken, reflecting scientific and experiential understanding as well as values and priorities of societies and stakeholders. The intent in this book is to raise awareness about the need to recognize such attributes of resource and environmental management, and to provide concepts, approaches, and methods to help in developing solutions. At the outset, the importance of developing a vision is highlighted. In defining the scope of problems and opportunities, it is argued that a holistic or ecosystem approach should be interpreted as an integrated rather than a comprehensive approach, with the focus on a small set of variables and relationships having significant impact on the functioning of an ecosystem, and amenable to being managed. An adaptive management approach is also strongly encouraged, to learn from experience. Part of learning will arise through stakeholder engagement. Disputes may emerge, and need to be resolved. Finally, implementation of policies and plans can encounter many obstacles, emphasizing the need to become aware of and overcome them, and then monitor and assess outputs and outcomes, in order to adapt to changing circumstances.