The effects of anaesthetics and sedatives on brain inflammation
The effects of anaesthetics and sedatives on brain inflammation
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.05.009
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发表时间：
2021-05-18
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Dal-Pizzol, Felipe
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dominguini, Diogo;V. Steckert, Amanda;Dal-Pizzol, Felipe
小胶质细胞参与中枢神经系统的许多动态过程，包括炎症过程的发展和神经调节。几种镇静、镇痛或麻醉药物，如阿片类药物，与2-肾上腺素能激动剂、氯胺酮、苯二氮卓类药物和丙泊酚成比例，可对大脑产生神经保护和有害作用。这篇综述的目的是介绍这些药物的使用和参与小胶质细胞激活的机制的主要研究结果。α 2-肾上腺素能激动剂、丙泊酚和苯二氮卓类药物对小胶质细胞具有几种促炎或抗炎作用。长期使用苯二氮卓类药物和丙泊酚可引起神经细胞凋亡效应，α 2-肾上腺素能受体激动剂可减弱这些效应。相反，吗啡和芬太尼可能具有促炎作用，导致患者的行为变化和体外细胞活力的变化。相反，长期给予吗啡可诱导小胶质细胞中CCL 5趋化因子的表达，从而促进其存活。
Microglia are involved in many dynamic processes in the central nervous system (CNS) including the development of inflammatory processes and neuromodulation. Several sedative, analgesic or anaesthetic drugs, such as opioids, proportional to 2-adrenergic agonists, ketamine, benzodiazepines and propofol can cause both neuroprotective and harmful effects on the brain. The purpose of this review is to present the main findings on the use of these drugs and the mechanisms involved in microglial activation. Alpha 2-adrenergic agonists, propofol and benzodiazepines have several pro- or anti-inflammatory effects on microglia. Long-term use of benzodiazepines and propofol causes neuroapoptotic effects and alpha 2-adrenergic agonists may attenuate these effects. Conversely, morphine and fentanyl may have proinflammatory effects, causing behavioural changes in patients and changes in cell viability in vitro. Conversely, chronic administration of morphine induces CCL5 chemokine expression in microglial cells that promotes their survival.