Training-Induced Neural Plasticity in Golf Novices
Training-Induced Neural Plasticity in Golf Novices
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.1996-11.2011
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发表时间：
2011-08-31
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Jaencke, Lutz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bezzola, Ladina;Merillat, Susan;Jaencke, Lutz
先前运动学习领域的神经影像学研究表明，学习一项新技能会引起人脑区域神经灰质和白质的特定变化，这些变化是控制所练习任务所必需的。以前调查运动技能学习的纵向研究使用了严格的训练方案，几乎没有生态有效性，而不是体育休闲活动，尽管有几项回顾性和横断面研究表明体育休闲活动具有神经保护作用。在目前的纵向 MRI 研究中，我们使用基于体素的形态测量来研究 40 岁至 60 岁之间的高尔夫新手训练引起的灰质变化，在这个年龄段，积极的生活方式被认为可以抵消认知能力下降。作为主要结果，我们证明了 40 小时的高尔夫练习（作为具有高度个性化训练方案的休闲活动）与包含感觉运动区域和属于背流区域的任务相关皮层网络中的灰质增加相关。一个令人震惊的新结果是训练强度（完成 40 个训练小时所需的时间）与顶枕交界处观察到的结构变化之间的关系。因此，我们证明体育休闲活动会引起灰质的训练依赖性变化，并假设严格且受控的训练方案对于训练引起的灰质适应不是强制性的。
Previous neuroimaging studies in the field of motor learning have shown that learning a new skill induces specific changes of neural gray and white matter in human brain areas necessary to control the practiced task. Former longitudinal studies investigating motor skill learning have used strict training protocols with little ecological validity rather than physical leisure activities, although there are several retrospective and cross-sectional studies suggesting neuroprotective effects of physical leisure activities. In the present longitudinal MRI study, we used voxel-based morphometry to investigate training-induced gray matter changes in golf novices between the age of 40 and 60 years, an age period when an active life style is assumed to counteract cognitive decline. As a main result, we demonstrate that 40 h of golf practice, performed as a leisure activity with highly individual training protocols, are associated with gray matter increases in a task-relevant cortical network encompassing sensorimotor regions and areas belonging to the dorsal stream. Anew and striking result is the relationship between training intensity (time needed to complete the 40 training hours) and structural changes observed in the parieto-occipital junction. Thus, we demonstrate that a physical leisure activity induces training-dependent changes in gray matter and assume that a strict and controlled training protocol is not mandatory for training-induced adaptations of gray matter.