Tire Aerodynamics with Actual Tire Geometry, Road Contact and Tire Deformation
Tire Aerodynamics with Actual Tire Geometry, Road Contact and Tire Deformation
复制标题
轮胎空气动力学与实际轮胎几何形状、道路接触和轮胎变形
DOI：
10.1007/s00466-018-1642-1
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Tezduyar Tayfun E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kuraishi Takashi;Takizawa Kenji;Tezduyar Tayfun E.
轮胎空气动力学具有实际的轮胎几何形状、路面接触和轮胎变形，这对计算提出了严峻的挑战。这些挑战包括(1)具有纵向和横向凹槽的实际轮胎几何形状的复杂性，(2)轮胎的自旋，(3)保持轮胎附近边界层的准确表示，同时能够处理由道路接触和轮胎变形造成的流动区域拓扑变化，以及(4)流动的湍流性质。一种新的时空(ST)计算方法“ST-SI-TC-IGA”使我们能够应对这些挑战。ST-SI-TC-IGA的核心部分是ST变分多尺度(ST-VMS)方法，其他关键部分是ST滑移界面(ST-SI)和ST拓扑变化(ST-TC)方法以及ST等距分析(ST-IGA)。ST-VMS的VMS功能解决了流动的湍流性质带来的挑战，ST框架的移动网格功能实现了在移动的流固界面附近的高分辨率流动计算，而ST框架的高阶精度加强了这两个功能。ST-SI实现了轮胎旋转时的移动网格计算。覆盖轮胎的网格随之旋转，旋转网格和其余网格之间的SI精确连接解决方案的两侧。ST-TC可以实现移动网格计算，即使轮胎与道路之间的接触产生了TC。它处理接触，同时保持轮胎附近的高分辨率流动表示。ST-SI和ST-TC的集成实现了高分辨率表示，即使SI的某些部分与轮胎和路面重合。它还可以处理轮胎-路面接触位置的变化和接触滑动。通过将ST-IGA与ST-SI和ST-TC相结合，除了在流动溶液中更准确地表示轮胎几何形状和提高精度外，轮胎凹槽和接触区域附近狭窄空间中的元素密度也保持在合理的水平。我们给出了用ST-SI-TC-IGA和两种旋转轮胎绕流模型的计算结果。一种是用于验证的简单2D模型，另一种是轮胎公司提供的具有实际轮胎几何形状和变形图案的3D模型。计算结果表明了ST-SI-TC-IGA在轮胎空气动力学中的有效性。
Tire aerodynamics with actual tire geometry, road contact and tire deformation pose tough computational challenges. The challenges include (1) the complexity of an actual tire geometry with longitudinal and transverse grooves, (2) the spin of the tire, (3) maintaining accurate representation of the boundary layers near the tire while being able to deal with the flow-domain topology change created by the road contact and tire deformation, and (4) the turbulent nature of the flow. A new space–time (ST) computational method, “ST-SI-TC-IGA,” is enabling us to address these challenges. The core component of the ST-SI-TC-IGA is the ST Variational Multiscale (ST-VMS) method, and the other key components are the ST Slip Interface (ST-SI) and ST Topology Change (ST-TC) methods and the ST Isogeometric Analysis (ST-IGA). The VMS feature of the ST-VMS addresses the challenge created by the turbulent nature of the flow, the moving-mesh feature of the ST framework enables high-resolution flow computation near the moving fluid–solid interfaces, and the higher-order accuracy of the ST framework strengthens both features. The ST-SI enables moving-mesh computation with the tire spinning. The mesh covering the tire spins with it, and the SI between the spinning mesh and the rest of the mesh accurately connects the two sides of the solution. The ST-TC enables moving-mesh computation even with the TC created by the contact between the tire and the road. It deals with the contact while maintaining high-resolution flow representation near the tire. Integration of the ST-SI and ST-TC enables high-resolution representation even though parts of the SI are coinciding with the tire and road surfaces. It also enables dealing with the tire–road contact location change and contact sliding. By integrating the ST-IGA with the ST-SI and ST-TC, in addition to having a more accurate representation of the tire geometry and increased accuracy in the flow solution, the element density in the tire grooves and in the narrow spaces near the contact areas is kept at a reasonable level. We present computations with the ST-SI-TC-IGA and two models of flow around a rotating tire with road contact and prescribed deformation. One is a simple 2D model for verification purposes, and one is a 3D model with an actual tire geometry and a deformation pattern provided by the tire company. The computations show the effectiveness of the ST-SI-TC-IGA in tire aerodynamics.