Robustness of Solar-Cycle Empirical Rules Across Different Series Including an Updated Active-Day Fraction (ADF) Sunspot Group Series
Robustness of Solar-Cycle Empirical Rules Across Different Series Including an Updated Active-Day Fraction (ADF) Sunspot Group Series
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不同系列的太阳周期经验规则的稳健性，包括更新的活跃日分数 (ADF) 太阳黑子群系列
DOI：
10.1007/s11207-020-01750-9
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Wilma Kiviaho
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
I. Usoskin;G. Kovaltsov;Wilma Kiviaho
太阳周期演化的经验规则对太阳发电机理论形成了重要的观测约束。这包括将太阳周期的大小与其上升阶段的长度联系起来的瓦尔德迈尔规则，以及将周期聚类为偶数周期对，然后是更强的奇数周期的规则。这些规则是根据“经典”沃尔夫太阳黑子数系列制定的，最近基本上重新审视了该系列，研究界发布了几组修订后的系列。在这里，我们使用四个经典和修订的国际太阳黑子数和太阳黑子群数系列来测试这些经验规则对于 1749 年至 1996 年期间不同太阳黑子（群）系列的稳健性。我们还使用新的太阳观测数据库，提供基于活动日分数 (ADF) 方法的太阳黑子组系列的更新。我们证明 Waldmeier 规则是稳健的并且独立于确切的太阳黑子（组）系列：其经典和 n + 1 $n+1$ （将第 n $n$ 周期的长度与第 ( n + 1 $n+1$ ) 个周期的幅度相关）公式对于所有系列都是显着或高度显着的，而其简化公式（将周期的幅度与其全长相关）对于所有系列来说都是微不足道的。格涅维舍夫-奥尔规则被发现对于太阳周期 8 – 21 的所有分析序列都是稳健的，但在道尔顿极小值及其之前不稳定。
Empirical rules of solar-cycle evolution form important observational constraints for the solar-dynamo theory. This includes the Waldmeier rule relating the magnitude of a solar cycle to the length of its ascending phase, and the Gnevyshev–Ohl rule clustering cycles to pairs of an even-numbered cycle followed by a stronger odd-numbered cycle. These rules were established as based on the “classical” Wolf sunspot number series, which has been essentially revisited recently, with several revised sets released by the research community. Here we test the robustness of these empirical rules for different sunspot (group) series for the period 1749 – 1996, using four classical and revised international sunspot-number and group sunspot-number series. We also provide an update of the sunspot-group series based on the active-day fraction (ADF) method, using the new database of solar observations. We show that the Waldmeier rule is robust and independent of the exact sunspot (group) series: its classical and n + 1 $n+1$ (relating the length of n $n$ th cycle to the magnitude of ( n + 1 $n+1$ )th cycle) formulations are significant or highly significant for all series, while its simplified formulation (relating the magnitude of a cycle to its full length) is insignificant for all series. The Gnevyshev–Ohl rule was found robust for all analyzed series for Solar Cycles 8 – 21, but unstable across the Dalton minimum and before it.
根据塞缪尔·海因里希·施瓦贝 (Samuel Heinrich Schwabe) 的观测，得出 1825 年至 1867 年太阳黑子的位置和大小
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Leussu;Mursula;Usoskin
通讯作者：
Usoskin