Persistent surface water acidification in an organic soil-dominated upland region subject to high atmospheric deposition: The North York Moors, UK
Persistent surface water acidification in an organic soil-dominated upland region subject to high atmospheric deposition: The North York Moors, UK
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受高大气沉降影响，以有机土壤为主的高地地区地表水持续酸化：英国北约克沼泽
DOI：
10.1016/j.ecolind.2012.02.018
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
R. Battarbee
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
C. Evans;T. Chadwick;D. Norris;E. Rowe;T. Heaton;P. Brown;R. Battarbee
位于英格兰东北部的北约克沼泽国家公园是英国为数不多的高地地区之一，紧挨着主要硫磺和氮排放源的下风。尽管如此，关于空气污染影响的研究很少，也没有正式的长期旱地水质监测点。我们根据(1)三个地点20年来独特的河流酸碱度记录；(2)对51个排水荒地和针叶树种植园的地表水进行快照调查，检查了国家公园的地表水状况。对部分水样进行的硫同位素分析和对一条监测溪流进行的硅藻调查支持了这一解释。排出泥炭高原的一条溪流的长期酸碱度数据显示，极端的常年酸化，只有在最近几年才明显恢复。海拔较低的地点酸度较低，但表现出类似的时间趋势，并以频繁和严重的酸性事件为特征。快照调查证实，沼泽地地区的酸化很普遍，在全球其他几个地区观察到的程度很少；在采样的37条沼泽地溪流中，有32条的酸中和能力低于−50μ当量。如L−1。硫酸盐被发现(到目前为止)是酸化的主要原因，硫同位素分析证实这主要来自大气沉积。硝酸盐浓度保持在较低水平，表明有机沼地土壤继续保留大部分进入的氮素。与荒地相比，种植针叶树似乎加剧了酸化，导致硝酸盐浓度增加五倍，铝浓度增加三倍。现有的生物数据表明，该地区的水域因酸化而变得贫瘠。我们推测，北约克沼泽地表水的缓慢恢复是由于泥炭中储存的硫磺在干旱期间释放出来。我们的结论是：(1)酸化远未解决这一敏感的近源高地地区的问题，尽管硫磺沉降量有所减少；(2)人工林加剧了大气污染的影响，并引发了氮饱和；(3)北约克沼泽缺乏任何正式的长期监测，这是目前远程空气污染物对英国旱地生态系统影响的证据基础中的一个重大缺口。
The North York Moors National Park, in Northeast England, is one of the few upland areas of the United Kingdom located immediately downwind of major sulphur and nitrogen emission sources. Despite this, few studies of air pollution impacts have been undertaken, and there is no formal long-term upland water quality monitoring site. We examined the condition of surface waters in the National Park based on (1) a unique 20 year stream pH record from three locations; and (2) a snapshot survey of 51 surface waters draining moorland and conifer plantations. Interpretation was supported by sulphur isotope analysis of a subset of water samples, and a diatom survey of one of the monitoring streams. Long-term pH data for a stream draining the peat plateau demonstrate extreme, year-round acidification, with recovery only evident in the last few years. Lower-elevation sites are less acidic, but show similar temporal trends, and are characterised by frequent and severe acid episodes. The snapshot survey confirmed that acidification of the moorland area is widespread, to a degree observed in few other areas globally; out of 37 moorland streams sampled, 32 had an acid neutralising capacity (ANC) below −50 μequiv. l−1. Sulphate was found to be (by far) the dominant cause of acidification, and sulphur isotope analysis confirmed that this derives primarily from atmospheric deposition. Nitrate concentrations remain low, indicating that the organic moorland soils continue to retain most incoming nitrogen. It appears that conifer planting has exacerbated acidification, leading to fivefold higher nitrate and threefold higher aluminium concentrations compared to the moorland sites. Available biological data suggest that waters in the region have been impoverished by acidification. We speculate that the slow recovery of surface waters in the North York Moors is due to the release of a legacy of stored sulphur from the peats, released during droughts. We conclude that: (1) acidification is far from being a solved problem in this sensitive near-source upland region, despite reductions in sulphur deposition; (2) plantation forestry has exacerbated the effects of atmospheric pollution, and triggered nitrogen saturation; (3) the lack of any formal long-term monitoring in the North York Moors represents a major gap in the current evidence base for the effects of long-range air pollutants on UK upland ecosystems.
影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Evans, Chris D.;Monteith, Don T.;Brayshaw, Susan
通讯作者：
Brayshaw, Susan