Groundwater around the World: A Geographic Synopsis
Groundwater around the World: A Geographic Synopsis
复制标题
世界各地地下水：地理概要
DOI：
10.1201/b13977
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
J. Gun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Margat;J. Gun
1引言2全球水循环中的地下水2.1地表以下的水2.2有多少地下水参与水循环？2.3地下水和地表水：它们之间有什么关系？2.4地下水在干旱地区的水循环中起着重要作用3世界地下水系统的地理3.1底土的两个关键方面：组成和结构3.2全球水文地质全景3.3地球的大型含水层系统3.4主要含水层类型3.5不同的视角：地下水省份和全球地下水区域4地下水资源4.1地下水：一种自然资源，但只能部分开发4.2哪些开发战略？4.3 4.4地下水生态系统4.5地下水资源的地理4.6不可再生地下水资源的特殊情况4.7如何获取和抽取地下水4.8资源的脆弱性和易受损害性4.9地下水资源能否增加？5地下水的抽取和使用5.1地下水：一种特殊的、往往是首选的水源5.2抽取了多少地下水，在哪里抽取的地下水最多？5.3世纪期间地下水抽取量的演变5.4地下水储量的贡献5.5地下水的用途5.6地下水对不同部门供水的贡献5.7社会经济影响6对地下水资源管理干预措施的需求日益增长6.1为什么要管理地下水资源？6.2 6.3地下水抽取产生的压力现状6.4气候变化和海平面上升产生的压力6.5地下水质量退化7地下水资源管理7.1地下水资源管理的要素7.2地下水资源管理实践：实例和评论7.3世界各地地下水资源管理的现状8最后评论8.1关于世界地下水的信息和知识8.2关于地下水的主要特征，8.3关于地下水资源管理附录1：词汇附录2：可再生水资源统计-按国家分列附录3：世界大型含水层系统的一些数据附录4：全球地下水区域的简要说明附录5：按国家分列的地下水抽取量估计附录6：补充阅读的建议
1 Introduction 2 Groundwater in the global water cycle 2.1 Water below the ground surface 2.2 How much groundwater participates in the water cycle? 2.3 Groundwater and surface water: How are they related? 2.4 Groundwater is prominent in the water cycle of dry regions 3 Geography of the world's groundwater systems 3.1 Two key aspects of the subsoil: Composition and structure 3.2 Global hydrogeological panorama 3.3 The Earth's mega aquifer systems 3.4 Main aquifer types 3.5 A different angle of view: Groundwater provinces and global groundwater regions 4 Groundwater resources 4.1 Groundwater: A natural resource, but only partially exploitable 4.2 Which exploitation strategies? 4.3 Natural groundwater quality 4.4 Groundwater-related ecosystems 4.5 Geography of groundwater resources 4.6 The particular case of non-renewable groundwater resources 4.7 How to get access to groundwater and withdraw it 4.8 Fragility and vulnerability of the resources 4.9 Can the groundwater resources be augmented? 5 Groundwater withdrawal and use 5.1 Groundwater: A special and often preferred source of water 5.2 How much groundwater is withdrawn and where is withdrawal most intensive? 5.3 Evolution of groundwater withdrawals during the twentieth century 5.4 The contribution of groundwater reserves 5.5 Purposes for which groundwater is used 5.6 Contribution of groundwater to water supply in different sectors 5.7 Socio-economic implications 6 Growing needs for groundwater resources management interventions 6.1 Why should groundwater resources be managed? 6.2 Human activities modify groundwater levels and fluxes 6.3 Current state of the pressures produced by groundwater withdrawal 6.4 Pressures produced by climate change and sea level rise 6.5 Groundwater quality degradation 7 Groundwater resources management 7.1 Elements of groundwater resources management 7.2 Groundwater resources management in practice: Examples and comments 7.3 Actual state of groundwater resources management around the world 8 Final comments 8.1 About the information and knowledge on the world's groundwater 8.2 About the key features of groundwater, its role and observed trends 8.3 About groundwater resources management Appendix 1: Glossary Appendix 2: Statistics on renewable water resources - by country Appendix 3: Some data on the world's mega aquifer systems Appendix 4: Brief description of the global groundwater regions Appendix 5: Groundwater abstraction estimates by country Appendix 6: Suggestions for additional reading