Neisseria meningitidis: biology, microbiology, and epidemiology.
Neisseria meningitidis: biology, microbiology, and epidemiology.
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DOI：
10.1007/978-1-61779-346-2_1
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Stephens, David S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Rouphael, Nadine G;Stephens, David S
脑膜炎奈瑟菌（脑膜炎球菌）通过流行性或散发性脑膜炎和/或败血症在全世界的儿童和年轻人中引起显著的发病率和死亡率。在这篇综述中，我们描述了这种独特的人类病原体的生物学，微生物学和流行病学。N.脑膜炎是一种苛养的、有包囊的、需氧革兰氏阴性双球菌。菌落通过氧化酶试验呈阳性，大多数菌株利用麦芽糖。脑膜炎球菌的表型分类，基于荚膜多糖，脂寡糖（LOS）和外膜蛋白的结构差异，现在由基因组序列分型（ST）补充。流行病学调查结果表明，N.脑膜炎在不同群体中和随时间变化，脑膜炎球菌的毒力基于可转化/可塑基因组和某些荚膜多糖（血清群A、B、C、W-135、Y和X）和非荚膜抗原的表达。N.脑膜炎利用涉及皮利、抽搐运动性、LOS、相关混浊和其它表面蛋白的多因素过程在粘膜表面定殖。某些克隆群体获得血液的能力增加，逃避先天免疫反应，繁殖并引起全身性疾病。虽然新疫苗大有希望，但发达国家和发展中国家仍有脑膜炎球菌感染的报告，在这些国家，没有普及疫苗，抗生素耐药性日益普遍。
Neisseria meningitidis (the meningococcus) causes significant morbidity and mortality in children and young adults worldwide through epidemic or sporadic meningitis and/or septicemia. In this review, we describe the biology, microbiology, and epidemiology of this exclusive human pathogen. N. meningitidis is a fastidious, encapsulated, aerobic gram-negative diplococcus. Colonies are positive by the oxidase test and most strains utilize maltose. The phenotypic classification of meningococci, based on structural differences in capsular polysaccharide, lipooligosaccharide (LOS) and outer membrane proteins, is now complemented by genome sequence typing (ST). The epidemiological profile of N. meningitidis is variable in different populations and over time and virulence of the meningococcus is based on a transformable/plastic genome and expression of certain capsular polysaccharides (serogroups A, B, C, W-135, Y and X) and non-capsular antigens. N. meningitidis colonizes mucosal surfaces using a multifactorial process involving pili, twitching motility, LOS, opacity associated, and other surface proteins. Certain clonal groups have an increased capacity to gain access to the blood, evade innate immune responses, multiply, and cause systemic disease. Although new vaccines hold great promise, meningococcal infection continues to be reported in both developed and developing countries, where universal vaccine coverage is absent and antibiotic resistance increasingly more common.