Microbial Transformation of Nitrogen During Composting
Microbial Transformation of Nitrogen During Composting
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-662-08724-4_20
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. M. Tiquia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. M. Tiquia
微生物基本上参与了堆肥过程中氮化合物的重要变化。然而，它们在堆肥系统中的作用还没有被很好地了解。因此，本研究旨在探讨猪粪和家禽粪便在强制通风堆肥过程中氮的微生物转化。猪粪和家禽粪便中的大部分氮是以有机形式存在的，在堆肥过程中，一些有机氮慢慢转化为更小的无机氮库。通过硝化菌将铵转化为亚硝酸盐/硝酸盐，矿化过程继续进行。氨氧化细菌和亚硝酸盐氧化细菌是从这些无机氧化中获得能量的微生物。反硝化作用发生在堆肥的早期阶段，反硝化细菌的数量较多。然而，随着堆肥的进行，反硝化细菌的数量显著下降，这表明一旦空气被强迫进入堆肥，反硝化作用就很少发生。多元回归分析表明，猪粪和家禽粪便的理化性质是影响堆肥过程中氮素及其不同形态变化的最关键因素。堆肥过程中微生物群落结构与堆肥过程中堆肥的温度、水分、pH、C/N比等物理化学性质之间的相互作用影响着堆肥中N的平衡和速率。
Microorganisms are fundamentally involved in important changes to the N compounds during composting. However, their role in composting systems is not well understood. Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the microbial transformation of nitrogen during composting of spent pig litter-sludge and poultry litter in forced-aeration piles. Most N in spent pig litter sludge and poultry litter is in organic forms, which serve as a reservoir of N. During composting, some of the organic N was slowly converted to the much smaller inorganic N pools. The mineralization process was continued further by conversion of ammonium to nitrite/nitrate by nitrifiers. The ammonium- and nitrite-oxidizing bacteria are the microorganisms that gain their energy from these inorganic oxidations. Denitrification occurred during the early stage of composting, as indicated by a higher population of denitrifying bacteria. However, as composting proceeded, the population of denitrifying bacteria declined significantly, indicating that very little denitrification took place once the air was forced into the pile. The multiple regression analysis showed that the physico-chemical properties of the spent pig litter-sludge and poultry litter are the most critical factors affecting the changes in N and its different forms during composting. The equilibria and rates of N were affected by interactions between microbial biomass community structure and the physico-chemical properties of the manure such as temperature, water content, pH, and C:N ratio during composting.