Active Particles in Complex and Crowded Environments
Active Particles in Complex and Crowded Environments
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DOI：
10.1103/revmodphys.88.045006
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发表时间：
2016-11-23
影响因子：
44.1
通讯作者：
Volpe, Giovanni
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bechinger, Clemens;Di Leonardo, Roberto;Volpe, Giovanni
与被动布朗粒子不同，主动粒子，也称为自推进布朗粒子或微泳者和纳米泳者，能够从其环境中吸收能量并将其转化为定向运动。由于这种能量的不断流动，它们的行为只能在非平衡物理学的框架内解释和理解。在生物学领域，许多细胞进行定向运动，例如，作为一种浏览营养物质或避免毒素的方式。受这些能动微生物的启发，研究人员一直在开发基于不同机制具有类似游泳行为的人造颗粒。这些人造微型机器和纳米机器作为医疗保健，可持续性和安全应用的自主代理人具有巨大的潜力。随着集中在自推进布朗粒子与拥挤和复杂的环境的相互作用的基本物理特征，这一全面的审查将提供一个导游通过其基本原理，人工自推进微粒和纳米粒子的发展，其应用于非平衡现象的研究，以及该领域目前面临的开放性挑战。
Differently from passive Brownian particles, active particles, also known as self-propelled Brownian particles or microswimmers and nanoswimmers, are capable of taking up energy from their environment and converting it into directed motion. Because of this constant flow of energy, their behavior can be explained and understood only within the framework of nonequilibrium physics. In the biological realm, many cells perform directed motion, for example, as a way to browse for nutrients or to avoid toxins. Inspired by these motile microorganisms, researchers have been developing artificial particles that feature similar swimming behaviors based on different mechanisms. These man-made micromachines and nanomachines hold a great potential as autonomous agents for health care, sustainability, and security applications. With a focus on the basic physical features of the interactions of self-propelled Brownian particles with a crowded and complex environment, this comprehensive review will provide a guided tour through its basic principles, the development of artificial self-propelling microparticles and nanoparticles, and their application to the study of nonequilibrium phenomena, as well as the open challenges that the field is currently facing.