The effects of positive and negative experiences on subsequent behavior and cognitive performance in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus [Cebus] apella).
The effects of positive and negative experiences on subsequent behavior and cognitive performance in capuchin monkeys (Sapajus [Cebus] apella).
复制标题
积极和消极经历对卷尾猴（Sapajus [Cebus] apella）后续行为和认知表现的影响。
DOI：
10.1037/com0000277
复制
发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Brosnan, Sarah F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Webster, Mackenzie F.;Brosnan, Sarah F.
我们对动物情感处理的理解与对人类的丰富研究相比非常有限，这主要是由于测量困难。此外，尽管最近对动物情感和认知之间相互作用的理解有所增加，但大多数研究都集中在负面情感上，结果是我们对积极情感的影响仍然知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们使用一种新的方法测试了15只成年卷尾猴（Sapajus [Cebus] apella），该方法利用卷尾猴的物种典型行为来设计积极和消极的体验，使用相同的设备来最大限度地减少外部影响。在积极或消极的经验（可能分别引起积极和消极的影响），或没有操纵的控制，我们评估了受试者在认知任务中的表现，一个计算机化的延迟匹配样本。正如所预测的那样，与阳性和对照条件相比，负面条件下的行为表明了一种负面的情感状态，抓挠率（通常用作非人类灵长类动物压力的指标）增加。与其他两种情况相比，在消极条件下认知表现也受损。然而，与预测相反，积极的条件并没有对认知表现产生促进作用，但行为结果表明，我们可能没有诱导出真正积极的情感状态。虽然我们增加了证据表明，负面体验可以影响非人类灵长类动物随后的行为和认知表现，但我们的工作突出了我们对积极影响（如果有的话）对行为和认知的影响缺乏了解。
Our understanding of animals’ affective processing is notably limited compared to the wealth of research on humans, largely due to difficulties in measurement. Moreover, despite a recent increase in the understanding of the interaction between affect and cognition in animals, most research has focused on negative affect, with the result that we continue to know little about the effects of positive affect. In this study, we tested 15 adult capuchin monkeys (Sapajus [Cebus] apella) using a novel methodology that took advantage of capuchins’ species-typical behavior to engineer both a positive and negative experience, using the same apparatus to minimize extraneous impacts. Following a positive or negative experience (that presumably induced positive and negative affect, respectively), or a control with no manipulation, we assessed subjects’ performance on a cognitive task, a computerized delayed match-to-sample. As predicted, behavior following the negative condition suggested a negative affective state, with increased rates of scratching (commonly used as an indicator of stress in nonhuman primates) compared to both the positive and control conditions. Cognitive performance was also impaired in the negative condition compared to the other two. Contrary to predictions, however, the positive condition did not have a facilitative effect on cognitive performance, but behavioral results indicate that we may not have induced a truly positive affective state. Although we add to evidence that a negative experience can influence subsequent behavior and cognitive performance in nonhuman primates, our work highlights our lack of knowledge about the impact of positive affect, if any, on behavior and cognition.