Refining the visual-cortical hypothesis in category learning.
Refining the visual-cortical hypothesis in category learning.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bandc.2010.07.001
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发表时间：
2010-11
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Smith, J. David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Coutinho, Mariana V. C.;Couchman, Justin J.;Redford, Joshua S.;Smith, J. David
参与者产生陡峭的典型性梯度和大的原型增强效应在点失真类任务，表明在这些任务中，要分类的项目相比，一个典型的代表，这是参与者的范例经验的中心趋势。这些原型抽象过程被归因于初级视觉皮质中的低级机制。在这里，我们问是否更高层次的机制，在视觉皮层有时也可以支持原型抽象。要做到这一点，我们比较了点失真的性能时，刺激的大小不变（允许一些低水平的重复熟悉发展类似的形状）或大小变量（击败重复熟悉的效果）。如果原型的形成只介导的低层次的机制，刺激大小的可变性应减少原型的影响和平坦的典型性梯度。然而，原型效应和典型性梯度在这两种情况下是相同的，无论参与者是明确或隐含地学习类别，以及他们是否在迁移测试中接受了逐个试验的强化。这些结果扩大了视觉皮层的假设，因为低层次的视觉领域，retinotopic知觉表征，将不支持强大的类别学习或原型增强效应的环境中的刺激大小的显着变化。因此，更高层次的皮层机制显然也能支持范畴化过程中原型的形成。
Participants produce steep typicality gradients and large prototype-enhancement effects in dot-distortion category tasks, showing that in these tasks to-be-categorized items are compared to a prototypical representation that is the central tendency of the participant’s exemplar experience. These prototype-abstraction processes have been ascribed to low-level mechanisms in primary visual cortex. Here we asked whether higher-level mechanisms in visual cortex can also sometimes support prototype abstraction. To do so, we compared dot-distortion performance when the stimuli were size constant (allowing some low-level repetition-familiarity to develop for similar shapes) or size variable (defeating repetition-familiarity effects). If prototype formation is only mediated by low-level mechanisms, stimulus-size variability should lessen prototype effects and flatten typicality gradients. Yet prototype effects and typicality gradients were the same under both conditions, whether participants learned the categories explicitly or implicitly and whether they received trial-by-trial reinforcement during transfer tests. These results broaden out the visual-cortical hypothesis because low-level visual areas, featuring retinotopic perceptual representations, would not support robust category learning or prototype-enhancement effects in an environment of pronounced variability in stimulus size. Therefore, higher-level cortical mechanisms evidently can also support prototype formation during categorization.
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影响因子：
25
作者：
Konen, Christina S.;Kastner, Sabine
通讯作者：
Kastner, Sabine
DOI：
10.1037/0278-7393.5.1.11
发表时间：
1979-01-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY-HUMAN LEARNING AND MEMORY
影响因子：
--
作者：
HOMA, D;RHOADS, D;CHAMBLISS, D
通讯作者：
CHAMBLISS, D
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Engel, SA;Glover, GH;Wandell, BA
通讯作者：
Wandell, BA
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Blair, M;Homa, D
通讯作者：
Homa, D
DOI：
10.3758/pp.70.6.983
发表时间：
2008-08
期刊：
Perception & psychophysics
影响因子：
--
作者：
Casale MB;Ashby FG
通讯作者：
Ashby FG