"One family, two systems": Food safety crisis as a catalyst for agrarian changes in rural China
"One family, two systems": Food safety crisis as a catalyst for agrarian changes in rural China
复制标题
“一个家庭，两个制度”：食品安全危机是中国农村土地变革的催化剂
DOI：
10.1016/j.jrurstud.2019.04.011
复制
发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Zhou Li
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Si Zhenzhong;Li Yanyan;Fang Ping;Zhou Li
农村农地变迁的政治经济学问题一直是中国学界关注的焦点。然而，这些研究有限地强调了食品安全危机的作用，这是一个关键问题，不仅推动了城市居民的消费变化，也催化了中国农村地区差异化的食品生产和供应机制。我们广泛的实地调查显示，中国60%以上的农户采取了两种不同的耕作方式：一种是常规生产，集约使用农用化学品推向市场；另一种是生态生产，自给自足、亲属和社会关系密切的人使用少量或不使用农用化学品。这就是我们所说的‘一家两制’。本文通过具体案例对这一普遍但很少讨论的现象进行了概念化和例证。我们认为，“一家两制”是农民对日益严重的食品安全危机的自我保护反应。研究发现，在这一普遍现象中，生态食品的获取是由农民的社会关系决定的，并因此嵌入到当地的社会网络中。“一家两制”至少在两个方面促进了农业变化--农民驱动的粮食生产生态化，以及粮食生产和消费重新嵌入中国农村的生态系统和社会关系。
The political economy of agrarian changes in rural China has attracted much scholarly attention. Yet these studies have placed limited emphasis on the role of food safety crisis, a critical issue that not only motivated consumption changes of urban residents, but also catalyzed a differentiated food production and supply scheme in rural China. Our extensive fieldwork revealed that more than 60% of rural farming households in China are adopting two distinctive farming approaches: conventional production with intensive usage of agrochemicals for selling to the market and ecological production with limited or no usage of agrochemicals for self-consumption, relatives and people with close social ties. This is what we call ‘one family, two systems’. This paper conceptualizes and illustrates the widespread yet rarely discussed phenomenon with specific cases. We argue that ‘one family, two systems’ is farmers' self-protection response to the heightened food safety crisis. It reveals that the access to ecologically produced food in the common phenomenon is determined by farmers' social relations and thus is embedded in local social network. ‘One family, two systems’ fosters agrarian changes in at least two dimensions – the farmer-driven ecologicalization of food production and the re-embedding of food production and consumption in ecological systems and social relations in rural China.