Performative and ideological populism: The case of charismatic leaders on Twitter
Performative and ideological populism: The case of charismatic leaders on Twitter
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DOI：
10.1177/0957926519889127
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发表时间：
2019-11-18
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Kissas, Angelos
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kissas, Angelos
本文以唐纳德·特朗普和杰里米·科尔宾对Twitter的使用为典型案例研究，论证了魅力型领导人是民粹主义表现的一种独特模式。特别是，领导人是作为一个角色来表演的，比如特朗普的“挑衅”和科尔宾的“普通”角色，他们真实地体现了从自己的敌人手中拯救人民的使命，在这种情况下，分别是国家重生的使命（#MAGA和#DrainTheSwamp）和道德辩护（#ForTheMany）。魅力表演的核心是一种情感动态，它既使真实性的主张令人信服，又允许“人民”被制定为具体的政治主体。然而，它并不是像一些后意识形态的表演方法所暗示的那样，以一种非历史的、没有预设的方式，而是通过具有深刻意识形态分支的话语模式的情感来实现的。因此，民粹主义最好被理解为一种表现性意识形态，如果我们要理解它的进步民主或反动非民主的潜力，它值得我们密切的分析关注。
Taking Donald Trump's and Jeremy Corbyn's use of Twitter as paradigmatic case studies, this article demonstrates that the charismatic leader features as a distinct mode of the performativity of populism. Particularly, the leader is performed as a persona, such as Trump's 'defiant' and Corbyn's 'ordinary' persona, which authentically embodies the mission to save the people from their own enemies, in this case, the mission of national palingenesis (#MAGA and #DrainTheSwamp) and moral vindication (#ForTheMany), respectively. Central to charismatic performances is an affective dynamic which both renders the claim to authenticity convincing and allow for 'the people' to be enacted as a concrete political subject. It does so, however, not in an ahistorical and presupposition-less manner, as some post-ideological approaches to performativity imply, but through discursively patterned emotions with profound ideological ramifications. Therefore, populism is better understood as a performative ideology which deserves our close analytical attention if we are to understand its progressive-democratic or reactionary-undemocratic potential.