ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISEASE IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD: PRESENT UNDERSTANDING AND PROSPECTS FOR PREVENTION.
ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISEASE IN INFANCY AND CHILDHOOD: PRESENT UNDERSTANDING AND PROSPECTS FOR PREVENTION.
复制标题
婴儿期和儿童期急性呼吸道疾病：目前的认识和预防前景。
作者：
R. Chanock;R. Parrott
在过去十年中，我们对急性呼吸道疾病的病因学和流行病学的了解呈指数级增长。不幸的是，控制这些疾病的手段的发展并没有跟上病因学或流行病学认识的步伐。在本演讲中，他将尝试总结一些病毒和支原体在婴儿和儿童急性呼吸道疾病中的作用。此外，还将讨论此类感染的生态学，特别是与免疫预防问题相关的感染方面。
要讨论的大部分信息都来自华盛顿特区儿童医院和华盛顿特区少年村福利托儿所的研究。在许多情况下，其他地方也报告了类似的发现，因此从华盛顿特区的研究中得出的结论似乎不仅仅具有当地意义。自华盛顿特区以来，研究代表了对急性儿科呼吸道疾病性质的持续时间最长的调查，主要重点将放在对这些发现的解释上。
细菌
尽管 A 族 β 溶血性链球菌在上呼吸道疾病中发挥重要作用，但这些微生物在下呼吸道受累的更严重类型的疾病中似乎相对不重要。 Babe、Beem 及其同事的仔细研究表明，致病菌并不是婴儿和儿童下呼吸道疾病的重要主要病原体。因此，本次演讲的重点将放在病毒和支原体在呼吸道疾病中的作用。
DURING the past ten years there has been an exponential increase in our understanding of the etiology and epidemiology of acute respiratory disease. Unfortunately development of the means for control of these illnesses has not kept pace with etiologic or epidemiologic understanding. In this presentation an attempt will he made to summarize the role of a number of viruses and mycoplasmas in acute respiratory disease of infancy and childhood. In addition the ecology of such infections will be discussed, particularly those aspects of infection which have relevance to the problem of immunoprophylaxis.
Much of the information to be discussed is derived from studies at the Children's Hospital of D.C. and the Junior Village Welfare Nursery of D.C. In many instances similar findings have been reported from other localities so that the conclusions which can be drawn from the Washington, D.C., studies would appear to have more than local significance. Since the Washington D.C., studies represent the longest continuous inquiry into the nature of acute pediatric respiratory disease primary emphasis will be placed on the interpretation of these findings.
Bacteria
Although group A beta hemolytic streptococci play an important role in upper respiratory tract disease it would appear that these organisms are relatively unimportant in the more serious types of illness in which lower respiratory tract involvement occurs. The careful studies of Babe, Beem, and co-workers indicate that pathogenic bacteria are not important primary etiologic agents in lower respiratory tract disease of infancy and childhood. For this reason major emphasis in this presentation will be given to the role of viruses and mycoplasmas in respiratory disease.