Improving the health of African Americans in the USA: an overdue opportunity for social justice.
Improving the health of African Americans in the USA: an overdue opportunity for social justice.
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DOI：
10.1186/s40985-016-0025-4
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Wagner FA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Noonan AS;Velasco-Mondragon HE;Wagner FA
使用修改后的社会生态模型，我们进行了审查的文献和全国范围内的非裔美国人的健康统计数据。我们讨论了健康的主要社会决定因素和主要的健康差距，风险因素，发病率和死亡率的主要原因，以及在美国黑人获得卫生服务。社会决定因素，包括种族主义，对黑人健康产生有害影响的机制在宏观和个人层面进行了讨论。监禁和精神保健问题被强调为需要解决的优先事项。非裔美国人仍然是美国最不健康的种族群体，这是多年种族和社会不公正的沉重遗产，也是对所有人公平医疗保健的巨大挑战。黑人健康状况不佳的系统性原因需要同样系统性的解决方案;黑人健康指标的积极趋势似乎是由社会发展计划、教育经济投资、非裔美国人参与政策、决策和扩大获得医疗保健的机会所推动的。
Using a modified social ecological model, we conducted a review of the literature and nationwide statistics on African American health. We discuss the main social determinants of health and main health disparities, risk factors, the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, and access to health services for blacks in the USA. The mechanisms through which social determinants, including racism, exert their deleterious effects on black health are discussed at the macro and individual levels. Incarceration and mental health care issues are highlighted as priorities to be addressed. African Americans remain the least healthy ethnic group in the USA, a somber legacy of years of racial and social injustice and a formidable challenge to equitable health care for all. Systemic causes of suboptimal black health require equally systemic solutions; positive trends in black health indicators seem to be driven by social development programs, economic investment in education, participation of African Americans in policy, and decision-making and expansion of access to health care.