Relationship of loss, mean age of air and the distribution of CFCs to stratospheric circulation and implications for atmospheric lifetimes
Relationship of loss, mean age of air and the distribution of CFCs to stratospheric circulation and implications for atmospheric lifetimes
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损失、空气平均年龄和 CFC 分布与平流层环流的关系以及对大气寿命的影响
DOI：
10.1029/2007jd009575
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发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
E. Fleming
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Douglass;R. Stolarski;M. Schoeberl;C. Jackman;M. Gupta;P. Newman;J. Nielsen;E. Fleming
[1]利用全球大气模型，利用较低边界处消耗臭氧层物质混合比率的特定时间序列，对臭氧层的恢复进行预测。这一时间序列是使用大气混合比观测、排放率和对大气寿命的估计来计算的。臭氧消耗物质的破坏和模拟的大气寿命因模型而异，因为它们取决于模拟的平流层迁移和混合。我们调查之间的平衡，每年的变化，消耗臭氧层物质的负担，其大气损失，每年消耗臭氧层物质输入到大气中使用几个模型。有些模型产生了空气平均年龄的真实分布，有些则没有。反向轨迹计算将部分释放量（一减去某一地点臭氧消耗物质进入平流层值的数量）与整个年龄谱的平均年龄联系起来，表明对于单个谱元素而言，最大高度和损失随年龄而增加。具有更快循环的模型产生空气年龄的“年轻"分布，并且不能再现观察到的空气平均年龄和部分释放之间的关系。具有实际平均空气年龄的模型再现了观察到的关系。这些模型得出CFCl3的寿命为56年，比目前用于预测未来混合比的45年寿命长。在评估模型中使用通量边界条件将具有若干优点，包括即使模拟的残留环流因气候变化而发生变化，耗氧物质演变与模拟损失之间也保持一致。
[1] Projections of the recovery of the ozone layer are made with global atmospheric models using a specified time series of mixing ratios of ozone depleting substances (ODSs) at the lower boundary. This time series is calculated using atmospheric mixing ratio observations, emission rates, and an estimate for the atmospheric lifetime. ODS destruction and simulated atmospheric-lifetime vary among models because they depend on the simulated stratospheric transport and mixing. We investigate the balance between the annual change in ODS burden, its atmospheric loss, and the annual ODS input to the atmosphere using several models. Some models produce realistic distributions for the mean age of air and some do not. Back trajectory calculations relate the fractional release (one minus the amount of ODS at a location relative to its stratospheric entry value) to the mean age through the age spectrum, showing that, for the individual spectrum elements, the maximum altitude and loss increase with age. Models with faster circulations produce ‘‘young’’ distributions for the age of air and fail to reproduce the observed relationship between the mean age of air and the fractional release. Models with realistic mean age of air reproduce the observed relationship. These models yield a lifetime for CFCl3 of � 56 years, longer than the 45 year lifetime currently used to project future mixing ratios. Use of flux boundary conditions in assessment models would have several advantages, including consistency between the ODS evolution and simulated loss even if the simulated residual circulation changes due to climate change.
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
L. Froidevaux;N. Livesey;W. Read;R. Salawitch;J. Waters;B. Drouin;I. MacKenzie;H. Pumphrey;P. Bernath;C. Boone;R. Nassar;S. Montzka;J. Elkins;D. Cunnold;D. Waugh
通讯作者：
L. Froidevaux;N. Livesey;W. Read;R. Salawitch;J. Waters;B. Drouin;I. MacKenzie;H. Pumphrey;P. Bernath;C. Boone;R. Nassar;S. Montzka;J. Elkins;D. Cunnold;D. Waugh