Altruism towards cousins
Altruism towards cousins
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DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2006.0366
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发表时间：
2007-05
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Joonghwan Jeon;D. Buss
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Joonghwan Jeon;D. Buss
最近对亲属投资的研究表明，父系不确定性的功能，母系偏见。然而，亲属投资是亲属利他主义的一个特例。因此，我们假设，心理适应已经发展到调节利他主义根据可预测的可变水平的亲子关系的不确定性，在不同类别的堂兄弟姐妹。我们开发了一个正式的数学模型，预测个人应该是最愿意采取行动利他对他们的母亲的姐妹（MoSis）的孩子和最不愿意采取行动利他对他们的父亲的兄弟（FaBro）的孩子。对父亲的姐妹（FaSis）和母亲的兄弟（MoBro）的孩子的利他主义预计将介于两者之间。一项实证研究（N=195），评估表达利他倾向，证实了模型的预测。参与者表示愿意帮助以下降序：（一）MoSis儿童，（二）MoBro儿童，（三）FaSis儿童，（四）FaBro儿童。情感亲密度、同理心关注和接触频率等心理变量在不同的堂兄弟姐妹中表现出完全相同的模式，为模型提供了趋同的确认。研究结果支持了这一假设的敏感性不同的概率亲子关系的不确定性，特异性的适应。
Recent research on kin investment shows a matrilateral bias as a function of paternity uncertainty. Kin investment, however, is a special case of kin altruism. We thus hypothesize that psychological adaptations have evolved to regulate cousin-directed altruism according to predictably variable levels of paternity uncertainty in different categories of cousins. We develop a formal mathematical model that predicts that individuals should be most willing to act altruistically towards their mother's sister's (MoSis) children and least willing to act altruistically towards their father's brother's (FaBro) children. Altruism towards father's sister's (FaSis) and mother's brother's (MoBro) children are predicted to fall in between. An empirical study (N=195), assessing expressed altruistic proclivities, confirmed the predictions from the model. Participants expressed willingness-to-help following the descending order: (i) MoSis children, (ii) MoBro children, (iii) FaSis children, and (iv) FaBro children. The psychological variables of emotional closeness, empathic concern and contact frequency showed precisely the same pattern across distinct cousins, providing convergent confirmation of the model. The results support the hypothesis of cousin-specific adaptations sensitive to varying probabilities of paternity uncertainty.