Perfluorinated compounds in surface waters and WWTPs in Shenyang, China: mass flows and source analysis.
Perfluorinated compounds in surface waters and WWTPs in Shenyang, China: mass flows and source analysis.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.watres.2011.05.036
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发表时间：
2011-10
期刊：
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
Hongwen Sun;Fasong Li;Tao Zhang;Xianzhong Zhang;Na He;Qi Song;Lijie Zhao;Li-na Sun;T. Sun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hongwen Sun;Fasong Li;Tao Zhang;Xianzhong Zhang;Na He;Qi Song;Lijie Zhao;Li-na Sun;T. Sun
研究了沈阳市匈奴、4条运河、10个湖泊以及4个主要城市污水处理厂进出水中10种全氟化合物（PFCs）的浓度。总的来说，全氟辛酸（PFOA）和全氟己酸（PFHxA）是HR中的主要PFCs，范围分别为2.68-9.13 ng/L和2.12-11.3 ng/L，而全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）的检测水平较低，范围为0.40 - 3.32 ng/L。黄河流经沈阳和抚顺两个城市后，黄河下游水体中PFC浓度呈上升趋势，说明城市是PFC的重要贡献者。HR中的质量流量分析显示，抚顺的全氟化学品质量流量为1.65-5.50千克/年（C6-C8全氟化学品）和1.29千克/年（全氟辛烷磺酸），而沈阳的全氟化学品质量流量为2.83-5.18千克/年（C6-C8全氟化学品）和3.65千克/年（全氟辛烷磺酸）。4条城市河渠中PFCs浓度均高于河渠，最高值为240 ng/L。全氟辛酸和全氟辛烷磺酸显示出不同的趋势沿着这些运河，这表明不同的来源，为两种全氟辛烷磺酸。沈阳市10个湖泊中的PFCs总量均处于较低水平，其中工业化程度较高的地区的PFCs浓度最高（56.2 ng/L）。污水处理厂流出物中的全氟辛烷磺酸浓度高于地表沃茨中的全氟辛烷磺酸浓度，全氟辛酸浓度范围为18.4 - 41.1纳克/升，全氟辛烷磺酸浓度范围为1.69-3.85纳克/升。污水处理厂出水与城市地表水中的全氟碳化物分布相似，表明污水处理厂是地表水中全氟碳化物的重要来源。沃茨。结果表明，沈阳地区地表沃茨中PFCs的组成与自来水相似，但与成人血液中PFCs的组成不一致。对沈阳市成年人全氟辛烷磺酸日摄入总量的计算表明，饮用水对人体暴露的贡献很小。
Concentrations of 10 perfluorinated chemicals (PFCs) were investigated in the Hun River (HR), four canals, ten lakes, and influents and effluents from four main municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Shenyang, China. Mass flows of four main PFCs were calculated to elucidate the contribution from different sections of the HR. Overall, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA) were the major PFCs in the HR, with ranges of 2.68–9.13 ng/L, and 2.12–11.3 ng/L, respectively, while perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was detected at lower levels, ranging from 0.40 to 3.32 ng/L. The PFC concentrations in the HR increased after the river passes through two cities (Shenyang and Fushun), indicating cities are an important contributor for PFCs. Mass flow analysis in the HR revealed that PFC mass flows from Fushun are 1.65–5.50 kg/year for C6-C8 perfluorinated acids (PFCAs) and 1.29 kg/year for PFOS, while Shenyang contributed 2.83–5.18 kg C6-C8 PFCAs/year, and 3.65 kg PFOS/year. The concentrations of PFCs in four urban canals were higher than those in the HR, with the maximum total PFCs of 240 ng/L. PFOA and PFOS showed different trends along these canals, suggesting different sources for the two PFCs. Total PFCs in ten lakes from Shenyang were at low levels, with the greatest concentration (56.2 ng/L) detected in a heavily industrialized area. The PFC levels in WWTP effluents were higher than those in surface waters with concentrations ranging from 18.4 to 41.1 ng/L for PFOA, and 1.69–3.85 ng/L for PFOS. Similar PFC profiles between effluents from WWTPs and urban surface waters were found. These results indicate that WWTPs are an important PFC source in surface water. Finally, we found that the composition profiles of PFCs in surface waters were similar to those in tap water, but not consistent with those in adult blood from Shenyang. The calculation on total daily intake of PFOS by adults from Shenyang showed that the contribution of drinking water to human exposure was minor.