Mains water leakage: Implications for phosphorus source apportionment and policy responses in catchments.
Mains water leakage: Implications for phosphorus source apportionment and policy responses in catchments.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.038
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发表时间：
2017-02
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Gooddy;M. Ascott;D. Lapworth;R. Ward;H. Jarvie;M. Bowes;E. Tipping;R. Dils;B. Surridge
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文献类型：
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作者：
D. Gooddy;M. Ascott;D. Lapworth;R. Ward;H. Jarvie;M. Bowes;E. Tipping;R. Dils;B. Surridge
有效的战略，以减少磷（P）富集的水生生态系统需要准确的量化的绝对和相对重要性的个别来源的P.在本文中，我们量化的潜在意义的来源的P，已被忽视的日期。在原水供应中加入磷酸盐以降低饮用水中的铅和铜浓度是全球普遍的做法。然而，自来水泄漏（MWL）可能会导致直接输入到环境中的P，绕过废水处理。我们开发了一种新的方法来估计MWL-P的空间分布和随时间变化的通量，证明这种方法在英国泰晤士河流域的范例内的30年的时间。我们的分析表明，MWL-P可能相当于高达c.24%的P负荷进入泰晤士河污水处理厂和高达c.16%的河流P负荷来自农业非点源。我们认为，一系列的政策反应，可以减少MWL-P负荷的环境，包括纳入环境损害成本与P在设定目标MWL减少，以及包括MWL-P在全流域的P许可证。
Effective strategies to reduce phosphorus (P)-enrichment of aquatic ecosystems require accurate quantification of the absolute and relative importance of individual sources of P. In this paper, we quantify the potential significance of a source of P that has been neglected to date. Phosphate dosing of raw water supplies to reduce lead and copper concentrations in drinking water is a common practice globally. However, mains water leakage (MWL) potentially leads to a direct input of P into the environment, bypassing wastewater treatment. We develop a new approach to estimate the spatial distribution and time-variant flux of MWL-P, demonstrating this approach for a 30-year period within the exemplar of the River Thames catchment in the UK. Our analyses suggest that MWL-P could be equivalent to up to c.24% of the P load entering the River Thames from sewage treatment works and up to c.16% of the riverine P load derived from agricultural non-point sources. We consider a range of policy responses that could reduce MWL-P loads to the environment, including incorporating the environmental damage costs associated with P in setting targets for MWL reduction, alongside inclusion of MWL-P within catchment-wide P permits.