Dynamic Loading and Unloading of Proteins in Polymeric Stomatocytes: Formation of an Enzyme-Loaded Supramolecular Nanomotor
Dynamic Loading and Unloading of Proteins in Polymeric Stomatocytes: Formation of an Enzyme-Loaded Supramolecular Nanomotor
复制标题
DOI：
10.1021/acsnano.5b07689
复制
发表时间：
2016-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
17.1
通讯作者：
Wilson, Daniela A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abdelmohsen, Loai K. E. A.;Nijemeisland, Marlies;Wilson, Daniela A.
目前，自供电的人工纳米电机不仅是生物电机的模仿体，也是纳米机械、机器人和传感设备的潜在部件，吸引了人们越来越多的兴趣。我们最近描述了聚合体的受控形状转变为碗状口细胞，以及铂驱动的纳米马达的组装。然而，结构中的铂包封率很低；只有50%的结构包含催化剂，并且需要高燃料浓度来推动纳米电机，并且需要苛刻的条件来进行形状转换。在生物环境中应用纳米电机需要由自然可用的能源和生物相关浓度有效地推动纳米电机。在这里，我们报告了一种酶包埋和纳米分子组装的策略，通过在温和的条件下控制和可逆地将多聚体折叠成口腔细胞，允许蛋白质以几乎100%的效率和活性保留在胃内。由此产生的酶驱动纳米马达能够在低燃料浓度(过氧化氢或葡萄糖)下通过单酶或双酶系统推动这些结构。将酶限制在胃内并不妨碍它们的活性，实际上促进了底物的转移，同时保护它们免受介质的失活影响。这对于纳米马达未来在生物环境中的应用尤其重要，特别是在燃料的生理浓度下发生快速自主运动的系统中。
Self-powered artificial nanomotors are currently attracting increased interest as mimics of biological motors but also as potential components of nanomachinery, robotics, and sensing devices. We have recently described the controlled shape transformation of polymersomes into bowl-shaped stomatocytes and the assembly of platinum-driven nanomotors. However, the platinum encapsulation inside the structures was low; only 50% of the structures contained the catalyst and required both high fuel concentrations for the propelling of the nanomotors and harsh conditions for the shape transformation. Application of the nanomotors in a biological setting requires the nanomotors to be efficiently propelled by a naturally available energy source and at biological relevant concentrations. Here we report a strategy for enzyme entrapment and nanomotor assembly via controlled and reversible folding of polymersomes into stomatocytes under mild conditions, allowing the encapsulation of the proteins inside the stomach with almost 100% efficiency and retention of activity. The resulting enzyme-driven nanomotors are capable of propelling these structures at low fuel concentrations (hydrogen peroxide or glucose) via a one-enzyme or two-enzyme system. The confinement of the enzymes inside the stomach does not hinder their activity and in fact facilitates the transfer of the substrates, while protecting them from the deactivating influences of the media. This is particularly important for future applications of nanomotors in biological settings especially for systems where fast autonomous movement occurs at physiological concentrations of fuel.