Immunobiology of Influenza Vaccines
Immunobiology of Influenza Vaccines
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DOI：
10.1378/chest.12-1711
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发表时间：
2013-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
9.6
通讯作者：
Fenton, Matthew J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lorenzo, Margarita M. Gomez;Fenton, Matthew J.
疫苗接种是预防和控制流感的首要策略。流感病毒的表面血凝素 (HA) 蛋白包含两个结构元件（头部和茎部），它们作为疫苗靶标的潜在效用不同。 HA 蛋白的头部是赋予流感病毒保护性免疫力的抗体的主要目标。疫苗接种者的基本健康状况、年龄和基因多态性，以及同样重要的疫苗中的病毒与正在传播的病毒之间的抗原匹配程度，都会调节流感疫苗的保护作用。疫苗佐剂和减毒活流感疫苗可提高对季节性和大流行性病毒株的免疫力。引发针对与流感病毒类型或亚型内的HA交叉反应的保守HA干区的抗体将有助于开发通用流感疫苗。流感感染和疫苗接种后产生的高度复杂的相互作用网络可以使用系统生物学工具（例如 DNA 微阵列芯片）进行研究。系统疫苗学的使用可以产生基因表达特征，这些特征代表了无症状和有症状宿主对流感感染的反应之间的关键转录差异。此外，系统疫苗学工具的使用导致了新的替代基因标记的识别，这些标记可以预测宿主对疫苗的反应程度，这对疫苗开发和公共卫生都至关重要。确定疫苗免疫反应变异与基因多态性之间的关联对于开发通用流感疫苗至关重要。胸部 2013； 143(2):502-510
Vaccination is the primary strategy for prevention and control of influenza. The surface hemagglutinin (HA) protein of the influenza virus contains two structural elements (head and stalk) that differ in their potential utility as vaccine targets. The head of the HA protein is the primary target of antibodies that confer protective immunity to influenza viruses. The underlying health status, age, and gene polymorphisms of vaccine recipients and, just as importantly, the extent of the antigenic match between the viruses in the vaccine and those that are circulating modulate influenza vaccine protection. Vaccine adjuvants and live attenuated influenza vaccine improve the breadth of immunity to seasonal and pandemic virus strains. Eliciting antibodies against, the conserved HA stem region that cross-react with HAs within influenza virus types or subtypes would allow for the development of a universal influenza vaccine. The highly complex network of interactions generated after influenza infection and vaccination can be studied with the use of systems biology tools, such as DNA microarray chips. The use of systems vaccinology has allowed for the generation of gene expression signatures that represent key transcriptional differences between asymptomatic and symptomatic host responses to influenza infection. Additionally, the use of systems vaccinology tools have resulted in the identification of novel surrogate gene markers that are predictors of the magnitude of host responses to vaccines, which is critical to both vaccine development and public health. Identifying associations between variations in vaccine immune responses and gene polymorphisms is critical in the development of universal influenza vaccines. CHEST 2013; 143(2):502-510