Is Ambient Light during the High Arctic Polar Night Sufficient to Act as a Visual Cue for Zooplankton?
Is Ambient Light during the High Arctic Polar Night Sufficient to Act as a Visual Cue for Zooplankton?
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0126247
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Johnsen G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cohen JH;Berge J;Moline MA;Sørensen AJ;Last K;Falk-Petersen S;Renaud PE;Leu ES;Grenvald J;Cottier F;Cronin H;Menze S;Norgren P;Varpe Ø;Daase M;Darnis G;Johnsen G
光照制度是远洋生境中一个重要的生态因素，影响着一系列的生物过程。然而，在“完全”黑暗（极夜）期间，在北极浮游动物群落中，光对这些过程的可用性和重要性的研究很少。在这里，我们描述了在北极高极夜的整个昼夜循环中的环境光状态，并询问北极浮游动物的视觉系统是否可以探测到此时可用的低水平辐照度。为此，2014年1月和2015年1月，使用专用辐照度传感器进行光测量，并使用耦合的全天空数字照片来表征北纬79°24小时内的diel天窗辐照度模式。随后的天窗光谱辐照度和水中光学特性测量被用来模拟水下光场作为深度的函数，然后由电生理学决定的高北极浮游动物Thysanoessa inermis的视觉光谱灵敏度加权。在正午和月亮低于地平线的晴朗天气下，空气的辐照度在1-1.5 x 10-5 μmol光子m-2 s-1 （400-700 nm）之间，因此该值仅反映太阳光照。辐射传输模型生成的水下光场在蓝绿波长处具有峰值透射，在浅水处最大透射为465 nm，随深度变化为485 nm。对于浮游动物的眼睛来说，从75米的表面发出的光在485纳米处显示出最大值，较长的波长（约600纳米）几乎没有视觉意义。我们的数据是第一个定量表征，包括极夜期间北极高纬度地区与生物相关的太阳环境光的绝对强度、光谱组成和光周期，并表明一些北极浮游动物能够在极夜期间探测和利用20 - 30米深度的环境光。
The light regime is an ecologically important factor in pelagic habitats, influencing a range of biological processes. However, the availability and importance of light to these processes in high Arctic zooplankton communities during periods of 'complete' darkness (polar night) are poorly studied. Here we characterized the ambient light regime throughout the diel cycle during the high Arctic polar night, and ask whether visual systems of Arctic zooplankton can detect the low levels of irradiance available at this time. To this end, light measurements with a purpose-built irradiance sensor and coupled all-sky digital photographs were used to characterize diel skylight irradiance patterns over 24 hours at 79°N in January 2014 and 2015. Subsequent skylight spectral irradiance and in-water optical property measurements were used to model the underwater light field as a function of depth, which was then weighted by the electrophysiologically determined visual spectral sensitivity of a dominant high Arctic zooplankter, Thysanoessa inermis. Irradiance in air ranged between 1–1.5 x 10-5 μmol photons m-2 s-1 (400–700 nm) in clear weather conditions at noon and with the moon below the horizon, hence values reflect only solar illumination. Radiative transfer modelling generated underwater light fields with peak transmission at blue-green wavelengths, with a 465 nm transmission maximum in shallow water shifting to 485 nm with depth. To the eye of a zooplankter, light from the surface to 75 m exhibits a maximum at 485 nm, with longer wavelengths (>600 nm) being of little visual significance. Our data are the first quantitative characterisation, including absolute intensities, spectral composition and photoperiod of biologically relevant solar ambient light in the high Arctic during the polar night, and indicate that some species of Arctic zooplankton are able to detect and utilize ambient light down to 20–30m depth during the Arctic polar night.
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影响因子：
11.6
作者：
Clark, Graeme F.;Stark, Jonathan S.;Riddle, Martin J.
通讯作者：
Riddle, Martin J.
影响因子：
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作者：
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作者：
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