Germline survival and apoptosis.
Germline survival and apoptosis.
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DOI：
10.1895/wormbook.1.145.1
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发表时间：
2008-09-04
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Blackwell, T Keith
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gartner, Anton;Boag, Peter R;Blackwell, T Keith
胚系细胞凋亡与体细胞凋亡一样依赖于核心细胞凋亡机制的关键组分，包括CED-3和CED-4。然而，生殖细胞凋亡在其调节方面不同于体细胞凋亡。而体细胞凋亡是由细胞谱系发育编程，生殖细胞凋亡发生的卵子发生程序的一部分。一类生殖细胞凋亡，被称为“生理性”生殖细胞凋亡，减少完成卵子发生的细胞数量，并且不依赖于仅BH 3的凋亡效应物EGL-1。第二类，称为“应激诱导的”生殖细胞凋亡，是由基因组完整性检查点触发的。由这种DNA损伤检查点监测的一些机制也涉及生殖细胞的“永生”，或在连续几代中保持连续的生殖细胞谱系。此外，暴露于某些环境损伤或病原体诱导生殖细胞凋亡。在这里，我们将审查的机制，控制每个途径导致生殖细胞凋亡，并讨论其功能意义。生殖细胞凋亡是包括人类在内的许多动物卵子发生过程中不可或缺的一部分。因为C.线虫生殖细胞凋亡是保守的，我们认为这种线虫提供了一个有价值的模型，更广泛地了解生殖细胞凋亡的控制。
Germline apoptosis shares with somatic apoptosis a reliance on key components of the core apoptotic machinery, including CED-3 and CED-4. However, germline apoptosis differs from somatic apoptosis in its regulation. Whereas somatic apoptosis is developmentally programmed by cell lineage, germline apoptosis occurs as part of an oogenesis program. One category of germline apoptosis, dubbed "physiological" germline apoptosis, reduces the number of cells that complete oogenesis, and is independent of the BH3-only apoptosis effecter EGL-1. A second category, termed "stress-induced" germline apoptosis, is triggered by a genomic integrity checkpoint. Some mechanisms that are monitored by this DNA-damage checkpoint are also involved in germ cell "immortality," or preservation of a continuous germ cell lineage over successive generations. In addition, exposure to certain environmental insults or pathogens induces germ cell apoptosis. Here we will review the mechanisms that control each of the pathways leading to germ cell apoptosis and discuss their functional significance. Germline apoptosis is an integral part of oogenesis in many animals, including humans. Because many of the regulators of C. elegans germline apoptosis are conserved, we suggest that this nematode provides a valuable model for understanding controls of germline apoptosis more broadly.