Ontogeny and water temperature influences the antiviral response of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas
Ontogeny and water temperature influences the antiviral response of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fsi.2013.10.026
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发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Speck, Peter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Green, Timothy J.;Montagnani, Caroline;Speck, Peter
疾病是由病原体、环境和宿主生理状态之间复杂的相互作用引起的。确定宿主个体发育如何与水温相互作用，从而影响太平洋牡蛎（长牡蛎）的抗病毒反应，是理解为什么太平洋牡蛎幼崽在夏季死亡的主要目标，这是由于全球出现了一种新的Ostreid疱疹病毒基因型，称为OsHV-1 mu var。我们测量了温度（12℃vs 22℃）对注射poly I:C的成年和幼年长牡蛎的抗病毒反应的影响。Poly I:C上调了TLR、MyD88、I κ B-1、Rel、IRF、MDA5、STING、SOC、PKR、Viperin和Mpegl等多种免疫基因的表达。在22℃下，这些免疫基因在幼牡蛎和成年牡蛎中均表现出显著的上调，但在注射后12 h，这些基因在幼牡蛎中上调，而在成年牡蛎中上调26 h。在12摄氏度时，这些基因的反应在幼鱼中完全被抑制，在成鱼中被延迟。温度和年龄对血淋巴对单纯疱疹病毒（HSV-1）的抗病毒活性没有影响。这些结果表明，牡蛎依靠细胞反应来最大限度地减少病毒复制，包括识别病毒相关的分子模式，以诱导宿主细胞进入抗病毒状态，而不是产生广谱抗病毒化合物。这种细胞反应，通过循环血细胞的抗病毒基因表达来测量，受温度和牡蛎年龄的影响。我们推测，在22摄氏度下，幼体强烈的抗病毒反应是否会导致免疫介导的疾病导致死亡。(C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
Disease is caused by a complex interaction between the pathogen, environment, and the physiological status of the host. Determining how host ontogeny interacts with water temperature to influence the antiviral response of the Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, is a major goal in understanding why juvenile Pacific oysters are dying during summer as a result of the global emergence of a new genotype of the Ostreid herpesvirus, termed OsHV-1 mu var. We measured the effect of temperature (12 vs 22 degrees C) on the antiviral response of adult and juvenile C gigas injected with poly I:C. Poly I:C up-regulated the expression of numerous immune genes, including TLR, MyD88, I kappa B-1, Rel, IRF, MDA5, STING, SOC, PKR, Viperin and Mpegl. At 22 degrees C, these immune genes showed significant up-regulation in juvenile and adult oysters, but the majority of these genes were up-regulated 12 h post-injection for juveniles compared to 26 h for adults. At 12 degrees C, the response of these genes was completely inhibited in juveniles and delayed in adults. Temperature and age had no effect on hemolymph antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus (HSV-1). These results suggest that oysters rely on a cellular response to minimise viral replication, involving recognition of virus-associated molecular patterns to induce host cells into an antiviral state, as opposed to producing broad-spectrum antiviral compounds. This cellular response, measured by antiviral gene expression of circulating hemocytes, was influenced by temperature and oyster age. We speculate whether the vigorous antiviral response of juveniles at 22 degrees C results in an immune-mediated disorder causing mortality. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.