Definition and detection of vulnerable marine ecosystems on the high seas: problems with the "move-on" rule
Definition and detection of vulnerable marine ecosystems on the high seas: problems with the "move-on" rule
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DOI：
10.1093/icesjms/fsq074
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Rogers, Alex David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Auster, Peter J.;Gjerde, Kristina;Rogers, Alex David
在国家管辖范围以外区域的深海捕鱼产生了与养护和可持续利用管理有关的多种问题。基于日益严重的关切，联合国呼吁各国防止对深海脆弱海洋生态系统的重大不利影响。虽然粮食及农业组织（粮农组织）的管理准则是通过国际协商进程制定的，但在执行指定脆弱海洋生态系统的标准和在渔具遇到这些区域时予以承认方面一直存在问题。我们在此讨论用于识别脆弱海洋生态系统的假设，以及与意外遭遇不符合技术或生态现实的渔具有关的当前要求。鉴于脆弱海洋生态系统的位置及其复原力存在不确定性，需要采取更加审慎的做法，例如大幅降低遭遇门槛、实施大规模永久禁渔区和禁止触底捕捞。
Fishing in the deep sea in areas beyond national jurisdiction has produced multiple problems related to management for conservation and sustainable use. Based on a growing concern, the United Nations has called on States to prevent significant adverse impacts to vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs) in the deep sea. Although Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) guidelines for management were produced through an international consultative process, implementing criteria for designation of VMEs and recognition of such areas when encountered by fishing gear have been problematic. Here we discuss assumptions used to identify VMEs and current requirements related to unforeseen encounters with fishing gear that do not meet technological or ecological realities. A more precautionary approach is needed, given the uncertainties about the location of VMEs and their resilience, such as greatly reducing the threshold for an encounter, implementation of large-scale permanent closed areas, and prohibition of bottom-contact fishing.