Humane endpoints for infectious disease animal models.
Humane endpoints for infectious disease animal models.
复制标题
传染病动物模型的人道终点。
作者：
E. Olfert;D. Godson
加拿大动物保护委员会关于在使用动物进行研究、教学和测试的实验中选择适当终点的指南中明确规定了尽量减少或消除动物在生物医学研究、教学和测试中可能经历的不必要的疼痛和不适的义务：“在涉及动物的实验中，任何实际或潜在的疼痛、痛苦或不适应通过选择与研究的科学目标相一致的最早终点来最小化或缓解。该终点的选择应咨询实验动物兽医和动物护理委员会” （CCAC 1998 年，第 2 页）。为传染病研究中使用的动物提供了额外的指导，如下：“对于所有传染病研究，包括动物模型中的毒力测试，应确定终点，以尽量减少动物疼痛和/或痛苦的可能性”（CCAC 1998，第15页）。自一个多世纪前 Jenner 和 Pasteur（Fenner 等人，1997）等先驱者的工作以来，动物模型为传染病研究提供了重要信息。尽管现在可以通过体外系统完成许多实验，但动物仍然是该领域研究炎症过程、特定传染病和传染病药物治疗所必需的；疫苗开发以及功效和安全性测试；毒力测试；以及用于人类医学和兽医学的诊断目的。使用整个动物模型，包括自然的和诱导的（包括转基因模型），对于理解涉及身体、其神经内分泌和免疫系统以及传染性生物体的传染病中发生的非常复杂的时间关系非常重要。
The obligation to minimize or eliminate unnecessary pain and distress animals may experience when they are used in biomedical research, teaching, and testing is clearly stated in the Canadian Council on Animal Care guidelines on choosing an appropriate endpoint in experiments using animals for research, teaching, and testing: "In experiments involving animals, any actual or potential pain, distress, or discomfort should be minimized or alleviated by choosing the earliest endpoint that is compatible with the scientific objectives of the research. Selection of this endpoint should involve consultation with the laboratory animal veterinarian and the animal care committee" (CCAC 1998, p. 2). Additional guidance is provided for animals used in infectious disease studies, as follows: "For all infectious disease research, including virulence tests in animal models, endpoints should be established that minimize the potential for pain and/or distress in the animals" (CCAC 1998, p. 15). Since the work of pioneers such as Jenner and Pasteur (Fenner et al. 1997) more than a century ago, animal models have provided essential information in the study of infectious diseases. Although much experimentation can now be accomplished with in vitro systems, animals continue to be necessary for this field for studying the process of inflammation, specific infectious diseases, and pharmacologic treatment of infectious diseases; vaccine development and efficacy and safety testing; virulence testing; and, for diagnostic purposes, in both human and veterinary medicine. The use of whole animal models, both natural and induced (including transgenic models), is considered important to the understanding of the very complex temporal relationships that occur in infectious disease involving the body, its neuroendocrine and immune systems, and the infectious organism.