Head movement during walking in the cat.
Head movement during walking in the cat.
复制标题
猫行走时的头部运动。
DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.06.031
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Marlinski,Vladimir
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zubair,HumzaN;Beloozerova,IrinaN;Sun,Hai;Marlinski,Vladimir
了解头部在运动过程中是如何运动的，对于理解头部的感觉系统如何控制运动是至关重要的。我们分析了猫在黑暗和光明中沿着沿着笔直平坦的路径行走时的头部运动。我们发现，猫的头部左右平移，滚动和偏航旋转振荡每一步，而前后和垂直平移，俯仰旋转振荡两次。在每个前肢摆动的后半部分，头部达到最高的垂直位置，然后肩膀/躯干达到最大值20-90°。机头向上旋转后，头部向上平移又延迟了40-90°。垂直平移的峰-峰幅度为1.5cm，俯仰旋转的幅度为1.3 °。侧移幅度为0.1cm，旋转幅度为1.5 ~ 3°。总体而言，猫的头部是中性的滚动和10-30°的鼻子向下，保持水平半规管和椭圆囊在10°的地球水平。头部纵向速度为0.5 ~ 1 m/s，最大上、下行线速度分别为0.05和0.1m/s，最大横向速度为0.05m/s。头俯仰旋转的最大速度为20-50 °/s。在光线中行走时，猫的站立高度比黑暗中高0.3-0.5厘米，头高0.5-2厘米。前向加速度高25-100%，头部俯仰振荡的峰-峰幅度大20 °/s。我们的结论是，在行走过程中，猫的头部是主动保持的。反射似乎在决定头部运动方面只起部分作用，视觉可能会进一步削弱它们的作用。
Knowledge of how the head moves during locomotion is essential for understanding how locomotion is controlled by sensory systems of the head. We have analyzed head movements of the cat walking along a straight flat pathway in the darkness and light. We found that cats’ head left-right translations, and roll and yaw rotations oscillated once per stride, while fore-aft and vertical translations, and pitch rotations oscillated twice. The head reached its highest vertical positions during second half of each forelimb swing, following maxima of the shoulder/trunk by 20–90°. Nose-up rotation followed head upward translation by another 40–90° delay. The peak-to-peak amplitude of vertical translation was ∼1.5 cm and amplitude of pitch rotation was ∼3°. Amplitudes of lateral translation and roll rotation were ∼1 cm and 1.5–3°, respectively. Overall, cats’ heads were neutral in roll and 10–30° nose-down, maintaining horizontal semicircular canals and utriculi within 10° of the earth horizontal. The head longitudinal velocity was 0.5–1 m/s, maximal upward and downward linear velocities were ∼0.05 and ∼0.1 m/s, respectively, and maximal lateral velocity was ∼0.05 m/s. Maximal velocities of head pitch rotation were 20–50 °/s. During walking in light, cats stood 0.3–0.5 cm taller and held their head 0.5–2 cm higher than in darkness. Forward acceleration was 25–100% higher and peak-to-peak amplitude of head pitch oscillations was ∼20 °/s larger. We concluded that, during walking, the head of the cat is held actively. Reflexes appear to play only a partial role in determining head movement, and vision might further diminish their role.