Risk and protective factors for whoonga use among adolescents in South Africa.
Risk and protective factors for whoonga use among adolescents in South Africa.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.abrep.2020.100277
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发表时间：
2020-06-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Kuo, Caroline
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
DeAtley, Teresa;Mathews, Catherine;Kuo, Caroline
背景：抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART）在南非是公开的，以应对应对艾滋病毒和艾滋病的迫切需要。在南非，单独或与其他物质结合使用抗逆转录病毒药物的标签外使用被称为“whoonga”和“nyaope”。抗逆转录病毒药物被转用于whoonga的情况并不十分清楚，尤其是在青少年中。二次分析探讨了青少年whoonga使用在社区为基础的HIV流行setting.METHODS的风险和保护因素：数据whoonga使用来自基线调查的N=200名青少年招募参与一个随机对照试验，以减少青少年艾滋病毒的危险行为和抑郁症。青少年whoonga使用的风险和保护因素进行了探讨，使用生态系统的框架，采用单向方差分析，卡方检验和分层regression.RESULTS：个人水平的因素增加的几率whoonga使用或已知的使用，如儿童年龄OR：1.22（95%CI，1.03-1.43），危险药物的使用OR：1.62（95%CI，1.02-2.59），和危险的酒精OR：1.80（95%CI，1.05-3.09）。食品不安全似乎有轻微的保护作用的几率whoonga使用或报告中使用的青少年知道OR：0.649（95%CI，0.541-0.779）。结论：更大的流行病学研究应扩大危险的酒精使用和非法药物的使用，特别是娱乐使用处方药的监测。需要有详细的数据来描述使用模式，特别是在高度脆弱的人群中。未来的监测研究，探索这些多层次的关系是必要的，以进一步了解这种现象在南非的青少年。
BACKGROUND: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is publicly available in South Africa in response to the urgent need to address HIV and AIDS. Off-label use of ARV medication alone or in combination with other substances is known as "whoonga" and "nyaope" in South Africa. Diversion of ARVs for whoonga use is not well understood, especially among adolescents. This secondary analysis explores risk and protective factors for adolescent whoonga use in a community-based HIV endemic setting.METHODS: Data on whoonga use were derived from a baseline survey of N=200 adolescents recruited for participation in a randomized controlled trail to reduce adolescent HIV risk behaviors and depression. Risk and protective factors for adolescent whoonga use were explored using an ecological systems framework using one-way ANOVAs, chi-squared tests and hierarchical regression.RESULTS: Individual level factors increased the odds of whoonga use or known use such as child age OR:1.22 (95% CI, 1.03-1.43), hazardous drug use OR:1.62 (95% CI, 1.02-2.59), and hazardous alcohol OR:1.80 (95% CI, 1.05-3.09). Food insecurity appears to have a slightly protective effect on the odds of whoonga use or reports of use among people adolescents knew OR:0.649 (95% CI, 0.541-0.779).CONCLUSIONS: Larger epidemiological studies should expand the surveillance of hazardous alcohol use and illicit drug use, specifically for recreational use of prescription medication. Granular data is warranted to characterize the patters of use, especially among highly vulnerable populations. Future surveillance studies that explore these multi-level relationships are warranted to further understand this phenomenon among teens in South Africa.