Preschool Children's Conceptions of Sex-Role Transgressions.
Preschool Children's Conceptions of Sex-Role Transgressions.
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学龄前儿童对性别角色越轨的看法。
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发表时间：
1986
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Smetana
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作者：
J. Smetana
SMETANA, JUDITH G. 学龄前儿童对性角色越轨的概念。儿童发展，1986 年，57，862-871。本研究的目的是考察学龄前儿童对跨性别行为判断的概念基础，同时考虑性别角色规律的类型以及是男性还是女性性别角色刻板印象。 48 名学龄前儿童（24 名男孩和 24 名女孩）对反刻板的性别角色行为和外表进行推理并做出判断，并与道德和传统违规行为的判断进行比较。性别角色的越轨被认为比道德或传统的越轨更灵活、更容易被允许，并且受到从属管辖。与女性相比，儿童更倾向于维持男性的性角色期望，并且更倾向于女性性别类型的外表而不是活动。男孩还认为男性跨性别外表比男性跨性别活动更严重。儿童将性别角色侵犯视为个人或传统问题；与女性性别角色偏差相比，男性性别角色偏差更有可能被视为违反社会规范。关于性别角色的个人推理与更大的灵活性和更少的对性别角色期望的承诺显着相关。因此，幼儿是灵活的，但又致力于性别角色期望，性别角色概念是多方面的，包含不同类型的社会概念。
SMETANA, JUDITH G. Preschool Children's Conceptions of Sex-Role Transgressions. CHILD DEVELOPMENT, 1986, 57, 862-871. The purpose of this research was to examine the conceptual basis of preschoolers' judgments regarding cross-gender behavior, taking into consideration the type of sexrole regularity and whether it is male or female sex-role stereotyped. 48 preschool children, 24 boys and 24 girls, reasoned and made judgments about counterstereotypical sex-role behaviors and appearances in comparison to judgments regarding moral and conventional transgressions. Sex-role transgressions were judged to be more flexible, permissible, and subject to subordinate jurisdiction than moral or conventional transgressions. Children were more strongly committed to the maintenance of male than female sex-role expectations and to female sex-typed appearances than activities. Boys also considered male cross-gender appearances more serious than male cross-gender activities. Children reasoned about sex-role violations as personal or conventional issues; male sex-role deviations were more likely to be seen as violations of social norms than were female sex-role deviations. Personal reasoning about sex roles was significantly correlated with greater flexibility and less commitment to sex-role expectations. Thus, young children were flexible but committed to sex-role expectations, and sex-role concepts were multifaceted, entailing different types of social concepts.