Scoring Higher the Second Time Around: Meta-Analyses of Practice Effects in Neuropsychological Assessment
Scoring Higher the Second Time Around: Meta-Analyses of Practice Effects in Neuropsychological Assessment
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DOI：
10.1080/13854046.2012.680913
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Tranel, Daniel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Calamia, Matthew;Markon, Kristian;Tranel, Daniel
在神经心理学评估和许多研究领域，同一测试在不止一次情况下进行以衡量变化是很常见的。测量的变化被推定为反映测试测量的结构的真实变化；例如，由于衰老、进展性神经疾病或治疗干预等过程而导致的认知变化。然而，练习效果，被定义为由于特定测试项目的记忆、学习的策略或测试的复杂性等因素而导致的分数增加，使对变化的解释变得复杂。本综述对近1600个个体效应大小进行了荟萃分析，这些个体效应大小代表了通常用于评估神经心理功能核心领域的测试的平均水平表现的变化，目的是定量总结练习对这类测试的影响的大小。在许多情况下，替代形式的使用、参与者的年龄、研究参与者的临床诊断以及重测间隔的长度与变化的大小有关。这些发现对临床神经心理学的实践以及研究应用都有重要的影响，并突出了在用多个测量解释时间变化时需要考虑实践效应的必要性。
In neuropsychological assessment, and many areas of research, it is common for the same test to be administered on more than one occasion to measure change. Measured changes are presumed to reflect true changes in the construct being measured by the test; for example, cognitive changes due to processes such as aging, advancing neurological disease, or treatment interventions. However, practice effects, defined as score increases due to factors such as memory for specific test items, learned strategies, or test sophistication, complicate the interpretation of change. This review presents meta-analyses of nearly 1600 individual effect sizes representing changes in mean-level performance on tests commonly used to assess core domains of neuropsychological function, with the goal of quantitatively summarizing the magnitude of practice effects on such tests. The use of alternate forms, the ages of participants, clinical diagnoses of study participants, and length of the test-retest interval were associated with the magnitude of change in many cases. These findings have important implications for the practice of clinical neuropsychology, as well as for research applications, and highlight the need for practice effects to be taken into account in interpreting change across time with multiple measurements.