Examining Age as a Potential Moderator of Response to Reduced Nicotine Content Cigarettes in Vulnerable Populations
Examining Age as a Potential Moderator of Response to Reduced Nicotine Content Cigarettes in Vulnerable Populations
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DOI：
10.1093/ntr/ntz134
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发表时间：
2019-12-01
影响因子：
4.7
通讯作者：
Higgins, Stephen T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Davis, Danielle R.;Parker, Maria A.;Higgins, Stephen T.
简介：青壮年（18-24岁）的吸烟率高于较年轻和较年长的年龄组，青壮年是一个重要的发展时期，在此期间形成了吸烟等长期行为模式。本研究的目的是探讨对吸烟更敏感的年轻吸烟者对尼古丁含量降低的香烟有何反应。 方法：这是对从患有共存精神疾病或社会经济劣势的人群中招募的 169 名吸烟者进行的双盲受试者内实验的二次分析，评估尼古丁含量不同（0.4、2.4、5.2、15.8）的研究香烟的急性影响。毫克/克）。参与者按实际年龄分为两类（18-24 岁 vs. >= 25 岁）。在 14 个实验室会议中，通过相对强化功效（卷烟购买任务 [CPT] 和并行选择测试）、主观效果、渴望/戒断和吸烟地形的测量来检查尼古丁含量的影响。使用重复测量方差分析来检验年龄的潜在调节作用。结果：在五个 CPT 指数中的三个中，年轻人对低尼古丁含量香烟的需求低于老年人（ps < .05）。在增强功效、主观效应、渴望/戒断或吸烟地形的其他衡量标准上，没有观察到年龄差异，其中效应通常随着尼古丁含量降低的有序函数而降低（ps < .05）。结论：总体而言，这些研究结果表明，降低香烟的尼古丁含量可以降低年轻吸烟者吸烟成瘾的可能性，与来自吸烟、成瘾和吸烟相关健康脆弱性增加的人群的老年吸烟者相比，减少吸烟成瘾的可能性同样甚至更多。影响：减少香烟中的尼古丁含量以降低吸烟成瘾的可能性已被提议作为改善总体人口健康的一种手段。当务之急是研究年轻人如何应对尼古丁减少政策。我们看到的证据很少，表明年龄会缓和急性反应，并且有证据表明，与老年人相比，年轻人对尼古丁含量较低的香烟的成瘾潜力较小（例如，与老年人相比，年轻人对极低尼古丁含量香烟的需求下降幅度更大）。总体而言，减少尼古丁政策有可能减少各个年龄段的吸烟。
Introduction: Young adults (aged 18-24 years) have a higher smoking prevalence than younger and older age groups and young adulthood is an important developmental period during which long-term behavior patterns like cigarette smoking are established. The aim of the current study was to examine how young adult smokers with additional vulnerabilities to smoking respond to reduced nicotine content cigarettes.Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a double-blind, within-subject experiment conducted with 169 cigarette smokers recruited from populations with comorbid psychiatric conditions or socioeconomic disadvantage assessing acute effects of research cigarettes varying in nicotine content (0.4, 2.4, 5.2, 15.8 mg/g). Participants were dichotomized by chronological age (18-24 vs. >= 25 years). Across 14 laboratory sessions effects of nicotine content were examined on measures of relative reinforcing efficacy (Cigarette Purchase Task [CPT] and Concurrent Choice testing), subjective effects, craving/withdrawal, and smoking topography. Repeated measures analysis of variances were used to examine potential moderating effects of age.Results: Young adults exhibited lower demand for reduced nicotine content cigarettes than older adults across three of five CPT indices (ps < .05). No differences by age were observed on other measures of reinforcing efficacy, subjective effects, craving/withdrawal, or smoking topography where effects generally decreased as an orderly function of decreasing nicotine content (ps < .05).Conclusion: Overall, these findings suggest that reducing the nicotine content of cigarettes would decrease the addiction potential of cigarette smoking in young adult smokers as much or perhaps more than older adult smokers from populations at increased vulnerability to smoking, addiction, and smoking-related health consequences.Implications: Reducing the nicotine content in cigarettes to lower addiction potential of smoking has been proposed as a means to improve overall population health. It is imperative to examine how young adults may respond to a nicotine reduction policy. We saw minimal evidence that age moderates acute response and where there was evidence it was in the direction of reduced nicotine content cigarettes having less addictive potential among young versus older adults (eg, steeper decreases in demand for very low nicotine content cigarettes among young versus older adults). Overall, a nicotine reduction policy has the potential to reduce smoking across age groups.