Quantification and chemical markers of tobacco-exposure.
Quantification and chemical markers of tobacco-exposure.
复制标题
烟草暴露的量化和化学标记。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1987
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Prignot
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Prignot
烟草制品暴露量的定量对任何吸烟者个人都是有用的，对于将吸烟与病理学联系起来的流行病学研究或与戒烟方法的功效有关的研究也是必要的。病史，试图量化目前的平均每日香烟消费量（消费率），累积风险（包年）和各种吸烟类型，包括吸入习惯，也应该尝试。然而，由于吸烟者在许多场合暴露出对烟草消费的准系统性低估，加上难以正确观察吸烟情况，因此必须通过对组织液中烟草制品的定量测量来客观验证最近的历史数据。测量血清和尿液中的尼古丁和可替宁水平需要复杂和昂贵的方法，并且不足以证实使用尼古丁口香糖的吸烟者戒烟。一氧化碳是吸入烟雾的良好标志。正常的碳氧血红蛋白水平可以让我们确认一个人最近已经戒烟了，因为它在血液中的半衰期只有几个小时。唾液（或血浆）硫氰酸盐的测量有很大可能区分吸烟者和戒烟者，特别是那些戒烟至少14天的人，将这些人与目前的吸烟者明显区分开来。然而，必须考虑到几个潜在的误差原因，以便对硫氰酸盐的测量结果进行正确的解释。
Quantitation of exposure to tobacco products is useful for any individual smoker, and necessary for epidemiological studies which relate smoking to pathology, or which are concerned with the efficacy of smoking cessation methods. The medical history, trying to quantitate the current mean daily cigarette consumption (consumption rate), the cumulative risk (pack years) and the various types of smoking, including inhalation habits, should also be attempted. However, due to the quasi-systematic underrating of tobacco consumption which smokers have revealed on many occasions, together with difficulty in correctly observing cigarette smoking, objective validation of recent historical data by quantitative measurement of tobacco products in tissue fluids is mandatory. Measurements of nicotine and cotinine levels in serum and urine require elaborate and expensive methods, and are not adequate for validation of smoking cessation in smokers who are using nicotine chewing gum. Carbon monoxide is a good marker of smoke inhalation. Normal carboxyhaemoglobin levels allow us to confirm that a subject has recently stopped smoking, as its half-life is only a few hours in blood. Salivary (or plasma) measurements of thiocyanate discriminate between smokers and ex-smokers, with a high probability, particularly in those who have stopped smoking for at least 14 days, separating these clearly from current smokers. However, several potential causes of error must be considered to allow correct interpretation of measurements of thiocyanate.