Contrasting effects of an extended fall period and winter heatwaves on the overwintering fitness of diapausing disease vector, Aedes albopictus.
Contrasting effects of an extended fall period and winter heatwaves on the overwintering fitness of diapausing disease vector, Aedes albopictus.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cris.2023.100067
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发表时间：
2023
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气候变化对越冬生物的影响还没有得到充分研究。我们评估了冬季热浪和更长、更温暖的秋季对白纹伊蚊的影响。冬季热浪增加了滞育Ae的越冬存活率。白纹伊蚊胚胎。较长的秋季降低了滞育后的适合度，但不影响越冬存活率。气候变化的影响可能是复杂的，直到生命后期才明显。气候变化预计将极大地改变许多温带地区的秋季和冬季条件。然而，能够准确预测这些变化将如何影响物种越冬生存和越冬后健康的数据有限。在这里，我们确定了更长、更温暖的秋季和冬季热浪如何影响入侵白纹伊蚊的媒介白纹伊蚊的越冬健康和越冬后的表现。我们发现，更长、更温暖的秋季代表着较早进入滞育，不会影响越冬存活，但确实会导致多种性状的越冬后表现下降。具体地说，与短落处理的个体相比，经历了更长、更温暖的秋季条件的滞育胚胎的幼虫表现出较低的滞育后幼虫饥饿耐受性、较高的滞育后幼虫死亡率和较长的滞育后幼虫发育。这些对滞育后健康的负面影响可能是由于在更温暖、更长的秋季期间产生了更大的能量需求和/或损害。相比之下，暴露在冬季热浪中可以增加越冬存活率，这可能是通过允许滞育胚胎逃脱或修复冷害。最后，秋季处理和冬季热浪对雄性发育时间有交互作用，而两种处理都不影响雌蜂的蛹质量。总体而言，我们的结果突出表明，未能衡量滞育后适应性的实验可能会大大低估气候变化对冬季后表现的影响。此外，我们的结果强调，考虑气候变化的不同方面对物种整体越冬成功的潜在冲突影响是至关重要的。
The effects of climate change on overwintering organisms are understudied. We assessed how winter heatwaves and a longer, warmer fall affect Aedes albopictus. Winter heatwaves increased overwinter survival of diapausing Ae. albopictus embryos. A longer fall reduced post-diapause fitness but did not affect overwinter survival. Impacts of climate change can be complex and not apparent until later life stages. Climate change is expected to dramatically alter autumnal and winter conditions in many temperate regions. However, limited data is available to accurately predict how these changes will impact species’ overwinter survival and post-winter fitness. Here, we determine how a longer, warmer fall period and winter heatwaves affect overwintering fitness and post-winter performance of the invasive mosquito vector, Aedes albopictus. We found that a longer, warmer fall period representative of early entry into diapause did not affect overwinter survival but did lead to reduced post-winter performance for multiple traits. Specifically, larvae that experienced longer, warmer fall conditions as diapause embryos exhibited reduced post-diapause larval starvation tolerance, increased post-diapause larval mortality, and longer post-diapause larval development compared to individuals from the short-fall treatments. These negative post-diapause fitness effects likely resulted from the greater energetic demands and/or damage incurred during the warmer, longer fall period. In contrast, exposure to winter heatwaves increased overwinter survival, possibly by allowing diapausing embryos to escape or repair cold injury. Finally, fall treatment and winter heatwaves had an interactive effect on male development time, while neither treatment impacted pupal mass in either sex. Overall, our results highlight that experiments that fail to measure post-diapause fitness are likely to substantially under-estimate the impacts of climate change on post-winter performance. Additionally, our results emphasize that it is crucial to consider the potentially conflicting effects of different aspects of climate change on a species’ overall overwintering success.