Outpatient psychotherapy in the United States, I: Volume, costs, and user characteristics.
Outpatient psychotherapy in the United States, I: Volume, costs, and user characteristics.
复制标题
美国的门诊心理治疗，I：数量、成本和用户特征。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1994
影响因子：
17.7
通讯作者：
H. A. Pincus
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Olfson;H. A. Pincus
客观化
本文概述了美国门诊心理治疗的数量、构成和费用。
方法
数据分析来自1987年全国医疗支出调查的家庭部分。作者确定了心理治疗就诊的数量和分布，按提供者的专业、环境、费用来源和就诊原因进行了划分。调查心理治疗使用者的人口学特征、健康状况和心理健康利用情况。
结果
1987年，美国人进行了7950万次心理治疗门诊，总费用为42亿美元。其中大部分是去看精神健康专家(超过80%)，据报道是为了治疗精神健康问题(63.5%)。然而，在去看精神卫生专家(21.1%)或去治疗精神疾病(29.8%)的就诊中，没有提供心理治疗的比例很大。分居和离婚的人、女性、35岁至49岁的白人以及受教育15年以上的人使用心理治疗的可能性更大。在一般健康状况较差的人和报告健康相关功能障碍的人中，心理治疗的使用率也更高。心理治疗使用者的一般医疗费用超过非使用者。
结论
心理治疗约占门诊医疗费用的8%。心理治疗的使用者似乎比通常认为的更痛苦：他们报告的总体健康状况更差，一般医疗费用更高，功能障碍更多。虽然心理健康专家通常提供心理治疗来治疗精神障碍，但并不是所有的心理健康护理都是心理治疗。
OBJECTIVE
This article provides an overview of the volume, composition, and costs of outpatient psychotherapy in the United States.
METHOD
Data were analyzed from the household section of the 1987 National Medical Expenditure Survey. The authors determined the volume and distribution of psychotherapy visits by provider specialty, setting, source of expenditure, and reason for visit. An examination was made of the demographic characteristics, health status, and mental health utilization profile of psychotherapy users.
RESULTS
In 1987, Americans made 79.5 million outpatient psychotherapy visits at a total cost of $4.2 billion. Most of these visits were to mental health specialists (more than 80%) and were reported to be for the treatment of mental health conditions (63.5%). However, psychotherapy was not provided in a substantial proportion of the visits to mental health specialists (21.1%) or the visits to treat mental conditions (29.8%). Separated and divorced persons, females, whites persons aged 35 to 49 years, and those with more than 15 years of education had a greater likelihood of using psychotherapy. Psychotherapy use was also greater among persons in poor general health and those reporting health-related functional impairments. General medical costs of psychotherapy users exceeded those of nonusers.
CONCLUSIONS
Psychotherapy accounts for approximately 8% of outpatient medical care costs. Users of psychotherapy appear to be more distressed than is commonly assumed: they report poorer general health, higher general medical costs, and more functional impairment than nonusers. Although mental health specialists commonly provide psychotherapy to treat mental disorders, all mental health care is not psychotherapy.