Avian genomes. A flock of genomes. Introduction.
Avian genomes. A flock of genomes. Introduction.
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鸟类基因组。
DOI：
10.1126/science.2014.346.6215.346_1308
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Gilbert,MThomasP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Zhang,Guojie;Jarvis,ErichD;Gilbert,MThomasP
照片：（顺时针方向）© Paul SOUDERS/CORBIS; © PETER约翰逊/CORBIS; © ALFRED SCHAUHuber/IMAGEBROKER/CORBIS;© MICHAEL MELFORD/生物地理学会/CORBIS;© JAN货车DER GREEF/BUITEN-BEELD/明登PICTURES/CORBIS;© JARED HOBBS/ALL CANADA PHOTOS/CORBIS通过全面的物种采样来表征基因组生物多样性有可能改变我们对进化的理解。为了研究一个主要脊椎动物类的进化，剖析复杂性状的基因组学，并解决一个关于鸟类物种树的百年争论，我们成立了一个联盟，专注于每个鸟类目至少一个基因组的测序和分析。由此产生的48个一致注释的鸟类基因组数据集涵盖了最近提出的35个鸟类目中的32个，* 包括所有30个新鸟目，因此代表了广泛的鸟类进化多样性。我们联盟的分析导致了今天在《科学》杂志上发表的8篇论文，以及在其他期刊上发表的20篇论文。基因组学中文]。其中包括两个旗舰文件：一个利用基因组规模的数据，以产生一个高度支持的鸟类订单的遗传，解决了许多争论的时间和拓扑结构的辐射;其他比较基因组分析探索鸟类基因组进化和遗传基础的复杂性状。《科学》杂志上的其他研究描述了鸟类歌唱学习和人类语言的会聚大脑区域和基因表达，鸣禽中唱歌激活的基因组，鸟类性染色体的复杂进化轨迹，现代鸟类祖先中的单一牙齿缺失，它们最接近的现存外类群（鳄鱼）的基因组和推断的恐龙祖先，以及为大规模基因组分析开发的计算方法。在配套文件的研究探索企鹅的基因组适应，几乎灭绝物种的基因组学，鸟类的谱系特异性选择，古病毒在鸟类基因组中的渗透，以及许多其他问题。因此，这项对主要脊椎动物的研究突出了大规模比较基因组学的未来前景，我们希望为更多鸟类和其他脊椎动物谱系的基因组测序和分析方法奠定基础。
PHOTO:(CLOCKWISE)© PAUL SOUDERS/CORBIS;© PETER JOHNSON/CORBIS;© ALFRED SCHAUHUBER/IMAGEBROKER/CORBIS;© MICHAEL MELFORD/NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY/CORBIS;© JAN VAN DER GREEF/BUITEN-BEELD/MINDEN PICTURES/CORBIS;© JARED HOBBS/ALL CANADA PHOTOS/CORBISCharacterization of genomic biodiversity through comprehensive species sampling has the potential to change our understanding of evolution. To study evolution across a major vertebrate class, dissect the genomics of complex traits, and resolve a centuries-old debate on the avian species tree, we formed a consortium focused on the sequencing and analyses of at least one genome per avian order. The resulting data set of 48 consistently annotated bird genomes spans 32 of the 35 recently proposed avian orders,* including all 30 neognath orders, and thus represents a wide range of avian evolutionary diversity. Our consortium's analyses have resulted in eight papers published today in Science, as well as 20 papers in other journals [avian. genomics. cn/en]. These include two flagship papers: one exploiting genomic-scale data to generate a highly supported avian order phylogeny that resolves many debates on the timing and topology of their radiation; the other a comparative genomic analysis exploring avian genome evolution and the genetic basis of complex traits. Other studies in Science describe convergent brain regions and gene expression for avian song learning and human speech, the singing activated genome in songbirds, complex evolutionary trajectories of avian sex chromosomes, a single loss of teeth in the ancestor of modern birds, the genomes of their closest extant outgroup (crocodilians) and inferred dinosaur ancestor, and computational methods developed for large-scale genomic analyses. Studies in companion papers explore the genomic adaptations of penguins, genomics of nearly extinct species, lineage-specific selection in birds, paleoviral infiltration in bird genomes, and many other questions. Thus, this study of a major vertebrate class highlights the future promise of large-scale comparative genomics, and we hope sets the stage for an approach for sequencing and analyses of many more genomes of birds and other vertebrate lineages.