Stunting of Growth in Developing Countries.
Stunting of Growth in Developing Countries.
复制标题
发展中国家经济增长停滞。
DOI：
10.1159/000527936
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kathembe J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kathembe J
发育迟缓是儿童营养不良最常见的形式，即年龄比身高比世界卫生组织生长参考标准的中位数低2个标准差以上。它是慢性营养不良的一个指标，预示着儿童期死亡风险的增加，并与儿童期持续到成年的不良健康和认知结果有关。2020年，超过1.49亿5岁以下儿童发育迟缓[1]。许多低收入和中等收入国家（LMICs）都致力于实现到2030年消除儿童营养不良的可持续发展目标[2]，但按照目前的全球趋势，这一目标不太可能实现。因此，需要创新和加速努力，使许多中低收入国家能够实现2030年全球营养目标。2019冠状病毒病疫情的持续影响，加上粮食安全恶化、经济危机、气候变化和冲突，无疑已经逆转了疫情前取得的任何成果[3]。虽然所有与COVID相关的儿童死亡中约有四分之一归因于消瘦[4]（严重急性营养不良[SAM]），但儿童发育迟缓的影响尚未得到充分理解[5]。此外，虽然社会经济不平等对健康结果的影响得到了很好的描述[6]，但这些不平等如何影响儿童发育迟缓的复杂性却不太清楚。事实上，在一些身材矮小很常见的社区，关于儿童发育迟缓是否应该被视为公共卫生问题存在争议[7]。
Stunting, namely length-for-age more than 2 standard deviations below the median for the World Health Organization growth reference standards, is the most common form of childhood malnutrition. It is an indicator of chronic malnutrition that predicts an increased risk of death in childhood as well as being associated with adverse health and cognitive outcomes during childhood that persist into adulthood. In 2020, over 149 million children under 5 years were stunted [1]. Many low-and middle-income countries (LMICs) have committed to the sustainable development goal target of eliminating childhood malnutrition by 2030 [2], yet with the current global trends, it is unlikely that this will be achieved. Innovative and accelerated efforts are therefore required to enable many LMICs to meet the 2030 global nutrition targets. The ongoing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, coupled with worsening food security, economic crises, climate change, and conflict, has undoubtedly reversed any gains that had been made prepandemic [3]. While about one quarter of all COVID-related childhood deaths are attributed to wasting [4](severe acute malnutrition [SAM]), the impact of childhood stunting is yet to be fully understood [5]. In addition, although the impact of socioeconomic inequalities on health outcomes is well-described [6], the complexities of how these inequalities influence childhood stunting are less well understood. Indeed, in some communities where short stature is common, there is controversy around whether childhood stunting should be considered a public health problem [7].