[Awareness of the term "frailty" and its correlates among older adults living in a metropolitan area].
[Awareness of the term "frailty" and its correlates among older adults living in a metropolitan area].
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[居住在大都市地区的老年人对“虚弱”一词及其相关性的认识]。
DOI：
10.11236/jph.67.6_399
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Shinkai
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Seino;A. Kitamura;Yui Tomine;Izumi Tanaka;M. Nishi;Y. Nofuji;Y. Yokoyama;Kumiko Nonaka;Masataka Kuraoka;H. Amano;Y. Fujiwara;S. Shinkai
目的调查居住在日本大都会地区的老年人对“脆弱”一词的认知程度及其相关性。方法采用东京大田市社区预防脆弱干预的基线和2年随访数据。2016年7月，我们通过邮寄方式进行了一项自填式问卷调查，调查了所有18个区15,500名65岁至84岁的非残疾居民的生活方式和健康状况。2018年7月，我们使用不同的问卷调查了同一样本中对“脆弱”一词的认识，分析对象为10,228人(4,977名男性和5,251名女性)。此外，对9,069人(4,347名男性和4,722名女性)在2016年和2018年的调查中进行了调查，分析了他们对“脆弱”一词的认知程度。我们将回答“我知道它的意思”或“我听说过它，但不知道它的意思”归类为对该术语的认识。通过决策树和多水平Poisson回归分析，分析年龄、婚姻状况、生活状况、教育程度、等值收入、体重指数、慢性病数、饮酒、吸烟状况、饮食多样性评分(DVS)、是否有下腰膝痛、抑郁情绪、锻炼习惯、社交活动、社交隔离和虚弱与“脆弱”意识的关系。结果“脆弱”一词的知晓率为20.1%(男性15.5%，女性24.3%)。“脆弱”意识最高的亚组是锻炼、社交活跃、DVS达到或超过4分的女性(36.3%)。“脆弱”意识的显著独立相关因素是年龄(按年计算：多变量调整患病率=1.03，[95%可信区间=1.02-1.04])、性别(女性：1.35[1.21-1.51])、教育程度(高中：1.27[1.11-1.45]、高于大专/职业学校：1.47[1.28-1.70])、同等收入(超过250万日元/年：1.12[1.01-1.25])、运动习惯(存在：1.26[1.11-1.43])、DVS(6分或以上：1.37[1.21-1.55])、社交活动(存在：1.33[1.20-1.49])、社交隔离(存在：0.75[0.67-0.85])和虚弱(存在：0.72[0.62-0.84])。老年人，尤其是女性，拥有更高的社会经济地位，更好的锻炼和饮食习惯，以及更强的社会关系，对这个词的意识要强得多。相比之下，被社会孤立和/或虚弱的人不知道这个词。因此，至关重要的是制定具体措施，在高危人群中促进预防脆弱。
Objectives This study aimed to examine the awareness of the term "frailty" and its correlates among older adults living in a Japanese metropolitan area.Methods We used baseline and 2-year follow-up data from a community-wide intervention on preventing frailty in Ota City, Tokyo. In July 2016, we conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey via mail to investigate the lifestyle and health status of 15,500 non-disabled residents aged 65-84 years from all 18 districts. In July 2018, we investigated the awareness of the term "frailty" in the same sample using a different questionnaire, and 10,228 people (4,977 men and 5,251 women) were included in the analyses. In addition, 9,069 people (4,347 men and 4,722 women) who responded to both 2016 and 2018 surveys were analyzed for correlates of awareness of the term "frailty." We categorized the responses "I know the meaning" or "I have heard of it but do not know the meaning" as awareness of the term. Decision tree and multilevel Poisson regression analyses were performed to examine the association of the following with awareness of "frailty": age, marital status, living situation, education, equivalent income, body mass index, number of chronic diseases, alcohol consumption, smoking status, Dietary Variety Score (DVS), and presence or absence of lower back and knee pains, depressive mood, exercise habits, social activity, social isolation, and frailty.Results Awareness of the term "frailty" was estimated as 20.1% in total (15.5% in men and 24.3% in women). The subgroup with the highest "frailty" awareness was women who exercised, were socially active, and had a DVS of 4 or more (awareness of 36.3%). Significant independent correlates of "frailty" awareness were age (as per year: multivariate-adjusted prevalence ratio=1.03, [95% confidence interval=1.02-1.04]), sex (women: 1.35 [1.21-1.51]), educational attainment (high school: 1.27 [1.11-1.45], higher than junior college/vocational schools: 1.47 [1.28-1.70]), equivalent income (more than 2.5 million yen/year: 1.12 [1.01-1.25]), exercise habits (presence: 1.26 [1.11-1.43]), DVS (6 points or more: 1.37 [1.21-1.55]), social activity (presence: 1.33 [1.20-1.49]), social isolation (presence: 0.75 [0.67-0.85]), and frailty (presence: 0.72 [0.62-0.84]).Conclusions Although many policies refer to "frailty," the level of awareness of the term among older adults was low. Older adults, especially women, who had higher socioeconomic status, better exercise and dietary habits, and stronger social connections, were significantly more aware of the term. In contrast, individuals who were socially isolated and/or frail did not know the term. Thus, it is crucial to develop specific measures to promote frailty prevention among high-risk individuals.