Have we been underestimating the effects of ocean acidification in zooplankton?
Have we been underestimating the effects of ocean acidification in zooplankton?
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DOI：
10.1111/gcb.12582
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发表时间：
2014-11-01
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Flynn, Kevin J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cripps, Gemma;Lindeque, Penelope;Flynn, Kevin J.
了解桡足类如何对海洋酸化作出反应，对于海洋生态和生物地球化学的风险评估至关重要。认为桡足类对骨性关节炎不敏感的看法在很大程度上是基于对成年雌性的实验。它们对二氧化碳(PCO(2))浓度增加的明显适应能力支持了桡足类是OA下的赢家的观点。在这里，我们表明这一结论并不可靠，只使用成年女性进行的研究严重曲解了不同生命阶段的敏感性。研究了对PCO(2)(385-6000atm)的不同生活阶段的特定阶段的反应，监测致死和亚致死反应。不同生命阶段的死亡率差异很大，无节幼体表现出最高的致死效应；当PCO(2)浓度达到1000atm(公元2100年)时，无节幼体死亡率增加三倍，LC_(50)为1084atm PCo(2)。相比之下，直到PCO(2)浓度达到3000atm时，卵子、早期桡足类动物和成年雄性和雌性都不会受到致命影响。对生殖的不利影响被发现，在1000atm PCO时，无节幼体招募人数下降了35%(2)。这种繁殖范围的抑制，加上在这种PCO(2)浓度下早期后代存活率的下降，显然有可能损害该物种的种群增长动态。不同发展阶段的应对措施存在差异，这突出表明需要采取一种全面的生命周期办法，对气候变化作出物种一级的预测。严重的错误陈述和错误传播可能源于仅基于单一生活史阶段暴露的研究，这些研究试图将结果预测到未来的骨性关节炎状况。
Understanding how copepods may respond to ocean acidification (OA) is critical for risk assessments of ocean ecology and biogeochemistry. The perception that copepods are insensitive to OA is largely based on experiments with adult females. Their apparent resilience to increased carbon dioxide (pCO(2)) concentrations has supported the view that copepods are winners' under OA. Here, we show that this conclusion is not robust, that sensitivity across different life stages is significantly misrepresented by studies solely using adult females. Stage-specific responses to pCO(2) (385-6000atm) were studied across different life stages of a calanoid copepod, monitoring for lethal and sublethal responses. Mortality rates varied significantly across the different life stages, with nauplii showing the highest lethal effects; nauplii mortality rates increased threefold when pCO(2) concentrations reached 1000atm (year 2100 scenario) with LC50 at 1084atm pCO(2). In comparison, eggs, early copepodite stages, and adult males and females were not affected lethally until pCO(2) concentrations 3000atm. Adverse effects on reproduction were found, with >35% decline in nauplii recruitment at 1000atm pCO(2). This suppression of reproductive scope, coupled with the decreased survival of early stage progeny at this pCO(2) concentration, has clear potential to damage population growth dynamics in this species. The disparity in responses seen across the different developmental stages emphasizes the need for a holistic life-cycle approach to make species-level projections to climate change. Significant misrepresentation and error propagation can develop from studies which attempt to project outcomes to future OA conditions solely based on single life history stage exposures.