The molecular genetics of the incision step in the DNA excision repair process.
The molecular genetics of the incision step in the DNA excision repair process.
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DNA 切除修复过程中切口步骤的分子遗传学。
DOI：
10.1080/09553008814551751
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发表时间：
1988
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Rubin,JS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rubin,JS
这篇综述介绍了研究的进化到不同的生物体如何使用切除修复的过程中，以识别和删除其细胞DNA的病变的遗传基础。切除修复的一个特殊方面，DNA切割，以及它是如何在噬菌体，细菌，S。cerevisae、黑腹叶蝉D.黑腹动物、啮齿动物细胞和人的细胞。在噬菌体T4中，DNA被由denV基因编码的DNA糖基化酶-AP核酸内切酶切割。InE。在大肠杆菌中，uvrA、uvrBanduvrC三个基因的产物需要形成UVRABC核酸内切酶，该核酸内切酶切割DNA并释放含有损伤位点的12-13个核苷酸长的片段。在酿酒酵母中，已克隆并分析了补充RAD 3上位性组的五个突变体（rad 1、rad 2、rad 3、rad 4和rad 10）的基因。啮齿类动物细胞对多种诱变剂敏感，并在切除修复缺陷正在被用于分子研究，以确定和克隆人类修复基因（如ERCC 1）能够补充哺乳动物修复缺陷。然而，大多数对人类系统的研究都是用从患有修复缺陷、癌症易感性疾病、着色性干皮病的患者中分离出的细胞进行的，这些细胞现在开始在分子水平上进行表征。诸如此类的研究提供了对DNA修复的遗传基础的更好理解，也应该为其他细胞过程提供新的见解，包括遗传重组，分化，诱变，致癌和衰老。
This review describes the evolution of research into the genetic basis of how different organisms use the process of excision repair to recognize and remove lesions from their cellular DNA. One particular aspect of excision repair, DNA incision, and how it is controlled at the genetic level in bacteriophage, bacteria,S. cerevisae,D. melanogaster, rodent cells and humans is examined. In phage T4, DNA is incised by a DNA glycosylase-AP endonuclease that is coded for by thedenVgene. InE. coli, the products of three genes,uvrA,uvrBanduvrC, are required to form the UVRABC excinuclease that cleaves DNA and releases a fragment 12–13 nucleotides long containing the site of damage. InS. cerevisiae, genes complementing five mutants of theRAD3epistasis group,rad1,rad2,rad3,rad4andrad10have been cloned and analyzed. Rodent cells sensitive to a variety of mutagenic agents and deficient in excision repair are being used in molecular studies to identify and clone human repair genes (e.g.ERCC1) capable of complementing mammalian repair defects. Most studies of the human system, however, have been done with cells isolated from patients suffering from the repair defective, cancer-prone disorder, xeroderma pigmentosum, and these cells are now beginning to be characterized at the molecular level. Studies such as these that provide a greater understanding of the genetic basis of DNA repair should also offer new insights into other cellular processes, including genetic recombination, differentiation, mutagenesis, carcinogenesis and aging.