A more secure steganography based on adaptive pixel-value differencing scheme
A more secure steganography based on adaptive pixel-value differencing scheme
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DOI：
10.1007/s11042-009-0440-3
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发表时间：
2011-04
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Weiqi Luo;Fangjun Huang;Jiwu Huang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Weiqi Luo;Fangjun Huang;Jiwu Huang
基于像素值差分（PVD）的隐写技术是空间域秘密数据隐藏的常用方法之一。然而，基于大量的实验，我们发现在大多数现有的基于pvd的算法中，即使嵌入容量较低，也不可避免地会引入一些统计伪影。在本文中，我们首先分析了原始PVD及其修改版本的常见限制，然后提出了一种基于内容自适应的更安全的隐写方案。在我们的方法中，首先将封面图像分割成小正方形。然后每个正方形随机旋转0、90、180或270度。然后将得到的图像分成三个连续像素的不重叠嵌入单元，使用中间的嵌入单元进行数据嵌入。嵌入位的数量取决于三个像素之间的差异。为了保留局部统计特征，在数据隐藏后，三个像素值的排序顺序保持不变。此外，新方法可以首先自适应地使用更锐利的边缘区域进行数据隐藏，同时通过调整参数来保留其他更平滑的区域。在大型图像数据库上的实验结果表明，与以往基于pvd的方法相比，我们的方法具有更好的安全性。
Pixel-value differencing (PVD) based steganography is one of popular approaches for secret data hiding in the spatial domain. However, based on extensive experiments, we find that some statistical artifacts will be inevitably introduced even with a low embedding capacity in most existing PVD-based algorithms. In this paper, we first analyze the common limitations of the original PVD and its modified versions, and then propose a more secure steganography based on a content adaptive scheme. In our method, a cover image is first partitioned into small squares. Each square is then rotated by a random degree of 0, 90, 180 or 270. The resulting image is then divided into non-overlapping embedding units with three consecutive pixels, and the middle one is used for data embedding. The number of embedded bits is dependent on the differences among the three pixels. To preserve the local statistical features, the sort order of the three pixel values will remain the same after data hiding. Furthermore, the new method can first use sharper edge regions for data hiding adaptively, while preserving other smoother regions by adjusting a parameter. The experimental results evaluated on a large image database show that our method achieves much better security compared with the previous PVD-based methods.