Savanna chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes verus, hunt with tools
Savanna chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes verus, hunt with tools
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2006.12.042
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发表时间：
2007-03-06
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Bertolani, Paco
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pruetz, Jill D.;Bertolani, Paco
虽然工具的使用已知发生在从裸鼠[1]到猫头鹰[2]的各种物种中，但黑猩猩是最擅长使用工具的[3-5]。然而，在狩猎过程中改装和使用工具仍然被认为是灵长类动物独特的人类特征。在这里，我们第一次报告了非人类在脊椎动物狩猎过程中习惯使用工具的情况。在塞内加尔的Fongoli遗址，我们观察到10只不同的黑猩猩在22轮比赛中使用工具捕食原猴猎物。这包括未成熟的黑猩猩和雌性黑猩猩，它们属于年龄-性别类别，通常不具有广泛的狩猎行为。黑猩猩制造了26种不同的工具，我们能够回收并分析其中的12种。制造工具需要多达五个步骤，包括将工具尖端修剪到一个点。工具是以长矛的方式使用的，而不是探头或唤醒工具。这一关于黑猩猩工具使用的新信息对最早的原始人工具使用和狩猎构造的进化具有重要意义，特别是考虑到我们观察到雌性和未成熟的黑猩猩比成年雄性黑猩猩更频繁地表现出这种行为。
Although tool use is known to occur in species ranging from naked mole rats [1] to owls [2], chimpanzees are the most accomplished tool users [3-5]. The modification and use of tools during hunting, however, is still considered to be a uniquely human trait among primates. Here, we report the first account of habitual tool use during vertebrate hunting by nonhumans. At the Fongoli site in Senegal, we observed ten different chimpanzees use tools to hunt prosimian prey in 22 bouts. This includes immature chimpanzees and females, members of age-sex classes not normally characterized by extensive hunting behavior. Chimpanzees made 26 different tools, and we were able to recover and analyze 12 of these. Tool construction entailed up to five steps, including trimming the tool tip to a point. Tools were used in the manner of a spear, rather than a probe or rousing tool. This new information on chimpanzee tool use has important implications for the evolution of tool use and construction for hunting in the earliest hominids, especially given our observations that females and immature chimpanzees exhibited this behavior more frequently than adult males.