Groundwater as emergency water supply: case study of the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake, Japan.
Groundwater as emergency water supply: case study of the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake, Japan.
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地下水作为应急供水：2016 年日本熊本地震的案例研究。
DOI：
10.1007/s10040-022-02547-9
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Hitomi Koga and Nahoko Hamada.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Takahiro Endo;Tomoki Iizuka;Hitomi Koga and Nahoko Hamada.
确保水的供应是震后一个极其重要的问题。日本最近发生的地震促使人们关注地下水或灾难应急井（DEWs）的使用。供水网络很容易受到地震的影响，因为它们包含的长距离管道并不总是抗震的。然而，地下水通常可以在需要水的地区的正下方找到，可以作为替代水源。虽然以前的研究讨论了地下水对自然灾害的重要性，特别提到了干旱，但很少注意到地震后地下水的使用。本研究通过对2016年发生7.3级地震的日本熊本县的应急供水设施所有者和老年人福利设施进行问卷调查，确定地下水作为应急供水的利弊，并确定有效实施应急供水需要解决的政策问题。结果表明，在修复初期，不仅有30个DEWs，还有至少25个未登记为DEWs的私人井向公众开放，改善了人们的用水状况，减轻了熊本市政府的应急供水负担。然而，据透露，由于质量问题，地下水可能并不总是可饮用的。此外，只有少数福利设施使用邻近可用的排污设施，而排污设施的认可度仍然很低。这些发现表明，改善地下水应急使用信息公开是一个需要解决的政策问题。
Securing water supply is an extremely important issue following an earthquake. Recent earthquakes in Japan have prompted focus on the use of groundwater or disaster emergency wells (DEWs). Water supply networks are vulnerable to earthquakes because they comprise long-distance pipelines that are not always earthquake-resistant. Groundwater, however, can usually be found directly below an area where water is required and can serve as an alternative water source. Although previous studies discussed the importance of groundwater in relation to natural disasters, with special reference to drought, little attention has been given to the use of groundwater following earthquakes. In this study, two questionnaire surveys were conducted of DEW owners and welfare facilities for elderly people in Kumamoto (Japan), which was struck by an Mw 7.3 earthquake in 2016, to identify the advantages and disadvantages of using groundwater as an emergency water supply and ascertain policy issues to be resolved for making DEWs effective. Results showed that not only 30 DEWs but also at least 25 privately owned wells not registered as DEWs were open to the public in the early restoration stage, improving people’s access to water and decreasing the burden on the Kumamoto city government’s emergency water supply. However, it was revealed that groundwater might not always be potable owing to quality concerns. Additionally, only a limited number of welfare facilities used the available adjacent DEWs and DEW recognition level remains low. These findings indicate that improving information disclosure regarding emergency groundwater use is a policy issue to be resolved.