An oncogenic mutant of RHEB, RHEB Y35N, exhibits an altered interaction with BRAF resulting in cancer transformation.

An oncogenic mutant of RHEB, RHEB Y35N, exhibits an altered interaction with BRAF resulting in cancer transformation.
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DOI:
10.1186/s12885-017-3938-5
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发表时间:
2018-01-10
期刊:
影响因子:
3.8
通讯作者:
Tamanoi F
Tamanoi F
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Heard JJ;Phung I;Potes MI;Tamanoi F

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RHEB 是小 GTP 酶 RAS 超家族的独特成员,在所有组织中表达,并且从酵母到人类都是保守的。对 RHEB 的早期研究表明 RHEB-RAF 可能存在相互作用,但这尚未得到充分探索。最近对癌症基因组数据库的研究揭示了 RHEB 在 Tyr35 位点重复发生的突变,最近的一项研究指出了该突变体的致癌潜力,涉及 RAF/MEK/ERK 信号传导的激活。这些进展促使我们重新评估 RHEB 对 RAF 影响的重要性,并比较突变型和野生型 RHEB。为了研究 RHEB-RAF 相互作用以及 Y35N 突变对此相互作用的影响,我们使用了转染、免疫沉淀和蛋白质印迹技术。我们生成了稳定表达 RHEB WT、RHEB Y35N 和 KRAS G12V 的细胞系,并通过细胞增殖、贴壁独立生长、细胞周期分析和病灶形成测定来监测细胞转化特性。我们观察到 RHEB 和 BRAF 之间有很强的相互作用,但与 CRAF 之间没有。这种相互作用取决于完整的 RHEB 效应结构域和 RHEB-GTP 负载状态。 RHEB 过表达会降低 RAF/MEK/ERK 通路的 RAF 激活,而 RHEB 敲低会导致 RAF/MEK/ERK 激活增加。 RHEB Y35N 突变与 BRAF 的相互作用减少,并且 RHEB Y35N 细胞表现出更大的 BRAF/CRAF 异二聚化,导致 RAF/MEK/ERK 信号传导增加。这导致 RHEB Y35N 稳定表达细胞系发生癌症转化,类似于 KRAS G12 V 表达细胞系。 RHEB 与 BRAF 的相互作用对于抑制 RAF/MEK/ERK 信号传导至关重要。 RHEB Y35N 突变体由于与 BRAF 的相互作用减少而维持 RAF/MEK/ERK 信号传导,导致 BRAF/CRAF 异二聚化增加。由于 RHEB 和 BRAF 之间的相互作用减少,导致 RAF/MEK/ERK 信号传导过度活跃,RHEB Y35N 表达细胞经历癌症转化。与先前建立的 RHEB 激活 mTORC1 信号传导的功能一起考虑,RHEB 似乎具有双重功能;一是抑制 RAF/MEK/ERK 信号传导,二是激活 mTORC1 信号传导。本文的在线版本 (10.1186/s12885-017-3938-5) 包含补充材料,可供授权用户使用。
RHEB is a unique member of the RAS superfamily of small GTPases expressed in all tissues and conserved from yeast to humans. Early studies on RHEB indicated a possible RHEB-RAF interaction, but this has not been fully explored. Recent work on cancer genome databases has revealed a reoccurring mutation in RHEB at the Tyr35 position, and a recent study points to the oncogenic potential of this mutant that involves activation of RAF/MEK/ERK signaling. These developments prompted us to reassess the significance of RHEB effect on RAF, and to compare mutant and wild type RHEB. To study RHEB-RAF interaction, and the effect of the Y35N mutation on this interaction, we used transfection, immunoprecipitation, and Western blotting techniques. We generated cell lines stably expressing RHEB WT, RHEB Y35N, and KRAS G12V, and monitored cellular transforming properties through cell proliferation, anchorage independent growth, cell cycle analysis, and foci formation assays. We observe a strong interaction between RHEB and BRAF, but not with CRAF. This interaction is dependent on an intact RHEB effector domain and RHEB-GTP loading status. RHEB overexpression decreases RAF activation of the RAF/MEK/ERK pathway and RHEB knockdown results in an increase in RAF/MEK/ERK activation. RHEB Y35N mutation has decreased interaction with BRAF, and RHEB Y35N cells exhibit greater BRAF/CRAF heterodimerization resulting in increased RAF/MEK/ERK signaling. This leads to cancer transformation of RHEB Y35N stably expressing cell lines, similar to KRAS G12 V expressing cell lines. RHEB interaction with BRAF is crucial for inhibiting RAF/MEK/ERK signaling. The RHEB Y35N mutant sustains RAF/MEK/ERK signaling due to a decreased interaction with BRAF, leading to increased BRAF/CRAF heterodimerization. RHEB Y35N expressing cells undergo cancer transformation due to decreased interaction between RHEB and BRAF resulting in overactive RAF/MEK/ERK signaling. Taken together with the previously established function of RHEB to activate mTORC1 signaling, it appears that RHEB performs a dual function; one is to suppress the RAF/MEK/ERK signaling and the other is to activate mTORC1 signaling. The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-017-3938-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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