Linking axonal degeneration to microtubule remodeling by Spastin-mediated microtubule severing.

Linking axonal degeneration to microtubule remodeling by Spastin-mediated microtubule severing.
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DOI:
10.1083/jcb.200409058
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发表时间:
2005-02-14
期刊:
The Journal of cell biology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Lauring BP
Lauring BP
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Evans KJ;Gomes ER;Reisenweber SM;Gundersen GG;Lauring BP

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AAA 腺苷三磷酸酶 (ATPase) Spastin (SPG4) 的突变会导致常染色体显性形式的遗传性痉挛性截瘫,这是一种逆行性轴突病,主要病理特征是皮质脊髓束和背柱中长脊髓神经元的变性。使用重组 Spastin,我们发现 Spastin 的六种突变形式(包括三种与疾病相关的形式)的 ATP 酶活性严重受损。与旨在阻止三磷酸腺苷 (ATP) 结合的突变相比,ATP 水解缺陷的 Spastin 突变体预计将在动力学上保留在靶蛋白上,从而装饰转染细胞中的微管。对疾病相关错义突变的分析表明,一些突变体更类似于典型的水解突变体,而另一些则类似于 ATP 结合突变体。使用实时成像,我们表明,当将 Spastin 添加到稳定表达 GFP-微管蛋白的透化、胞质耗尽的细胞中时,它会切断微管。使用纯化的成分,我们还表明 Spastin 直接与微管相互作用并且足以切断。这些研究表明微管切断缺陷是人类疾病中轴突变性的原因。
Mutations in the AAA adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) Spastin (SPG4) cause an autosomal dominant form of hereditary spastic paraplegia, which is a retrograde axonopathy primarily characterized pathologically by the degeneration of long spinal neurons in the corticospinal tracts and the dorsal columns. Using recombinant Spastin, we find that six mutant forms of Spastin, including three disease-associated forms, are severely impaired in ATPase activity. In contrast to a mutation designed to prevent adenosine triphosphate (ATP) binding, an ATP hydrolysis–deficient Spastin mutant predicted to remain kinetically trapped on target proteins decorates microtubules in transfected cells. Analysis of disease-associated missense mutations shows that some more closely resemble the canonical hydrolysis mutant, whereas others resemble the ATP-binding mutant. Using real-time imaging, we show that Spastin severs microtubules when added to permeabilized, cytosol-depleted cells stably expressing GFP-tubulin. Using purified components, we also show that Spastin interacts directly with microtubules and is sufficient for severing. These studies suggest that defects in microtubule severing are a cause of axonal degeneration in human disease.
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