Multiscale imaging of bone microdamage.
Multiscale imaging of bone microdamage.
复制标题
骨微宏的多尺度成像。
DOI：
10.3109/03008207.2015.1008133
复制
发表时间：
2015-04
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Vashishth D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Poundarik AA;Vashishth D
骨是一种具有结构和层次的复合材料，具有承受复杂机械载荷和抵抗断裂的显著能力。骨质量包括骨基质的各种属性，从其材料组分（I型胶原、矿物质和非胶原基质蛋白）和松质微结构的质量到骨微损伤的性质和程度。微损伤是骨组织在载荷作用下产生的，在骨组织中以不同层次的形式表现出来，具有耗散能量和避免骨折的作用。微损伤形成是骨质量的关键决定因素，并通过一系列生物和物理机制，随着年龄和疾病而积累。骨中累积的微损伤降低骨强度并增加骨的骨折倾向。因此，在骨骼的不同层次上对微损伤进行全面评估，对于更好地了解骨骼质量和骨折至关重要。这篇综述文章详细介绍了多种成像模式，已被用于研究和表征微损伤，从散装染色技术最初开发的哈罗德弗罗斯特评估线性微裂纹，原子力显微镜，一种模式，揭示了机械的见解形成弥漫性损伤的超微结构水平在骨。新的自动化技术，如微计算机断层扫描成像方式也提出了一个全面的概述。
Bone is a structural and hierarchical composite that exhibits remarkable ability to sustain complex mechanical loading and resist fracture. Bone quality encompasses various attributes of bone matrix from the quality of its material components (type-I collagen, mineral and non-collagenous matrix proteins) and cancellous microarchitecture, to the nature and extent of bone microdamage. Microdamage, produced during loading, manifests in multiple forms across the scales of hierarchy in bone and functions to dissipate energy and avert fracture. Microdamage formation is a key determinant of bone quality, and through a range of biological and physical mechanisms, accumulates with age and disease. Accumulated microdamage in bone decreases bone strength and increases bone’s propensity to fracture. Thus, a thorough assessment of microdamage, across the hierarchical levels of bone, is crucial to better understand bone quality and bone fracture. This review article details multiple imaging modalities that have been used to study and characterize microdamage; from bulk staining techniques originally developed by Harold Frost to assess linear microcracks, to atomic force microscopy, a modality that revealed mechanistic insights into the formation diffuse damage at the ultrastructural level in bone. New automated techniques using imaging modalities such as microcomputed tomography are also presented for a comprehensive overview.