Pulmonary injury after combined exposures to low-dose low-LET radiation and fungal spores.
Pulmonary injury after combined exposures to low-dose low-LET radiation and fungal spores.
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DOI：
10.1667/rr2379.1
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发表时间：
2011-04
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Sims MD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marples B;Downing L;Sawarynski KE;Finkelstein JN;Williams JP;Martinez AA;Wilson GD;Sims MD
核恐怖主义事件后，接触传染性微生物可能是一个混杂因素。与辐射相结合，感染的发病率和死亡率可能会显着增加。低剂量低 LET 照射后肺部损伤的特征是最初的弥漫性肺泡炎症。相比之下，吸入的真菌孢子会对肺细支气管周围产生局部损伤。在本研究中，我们评估了 C57BL/6 小鼠联合暴露于全身 X 辐射和吸入真菌孢子后的肺损伤。要么将动物暴露于曲霉孢子并立即用 2 Gy 照射，要么接种和照射相隔 8 周。使用标准 H&E 染色切片在 24 小时和 48 小时以及 1、2、4、8 和 24 周后评估肺损伤，并与假治疗的年龄匹配对照进行比较。对侵袭性炎症细胞（巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞以及 B 和 T 淋巴细胞）进行免疫组织化学分析。使用三个不同的参数对肺损伤进行半定量评估：炎症细胞的局部浸润、弥漫性炎症以及肺泡结构的增厚和扭曲。辐射引起的肺结构变化在暴露后的前两周最为明显。前 4 周内出现真菌变化。同时联合暴露显着增加了急性肺损伤的持续时间，长达 24 周（P < 0.01）。相比之下，辐射后 8 周施用真菌并没有产生增强的急性肺损伤水平。这些数据表明，辐射暴露时吸入真菌孢子会改变肺部对辐射引起的损伤的易感性。
Exposure to infectious microbes is a likely confounder after a nuclear terrorism event. In combination with radiation, morbidity and mortality from an infection may increase significantly. Pulmonary damage after low-dose low-LET irradiation is characterized by an initial diffuse alveolar inflammation. By contrast, inhaled fungal spores produce localized damage around pulmonary bronchioles. In the present study, we assessed lung injury in C57BL/6 mice after combined exposures to whole-body X radiation and inhaled fungal spores. Either animals were exposed to Aspergillus spores and immediately irradiated with 2 Gy, or the inoculation and irradiation were separated by 8 weeks. Pulmonary injury was assessed at 24 and 48 h and 1, 2, 4, 8, and 24 weeks later using standard H&E-stained sections and compared with sham-treated age-matched controls. Immunohistochemistry for invasive inflammatory cells (macrophages, neutrophils and B and T lymphocytes) was performed. A semi-quantitative assessment of pulmonary injury was made using three distinct parameters: local infiltration of inflammatory cells, diffuse inflammation, and thickening and distortion of alveolar architecture. Radiation-induced changes in lung architecture were most evident during the first 2 weeks postexposure. Fungal changes were seen over the first 4 weeks. Simultaneous combined exposures significantly increased the duration of acute pulmonary damage up to 24 weeks (P < 0.01). In contrast, administration of the fungus 8 weeks after irradiation did not produce enhanced levels of acute pulmonary damage. These data imply that the inhalation of fungal spores at the time of a radiation exposure alters the susceptibility of the lungs to radiation-induced injury.